Synchronized implementation of a bank account in JavaUsing volatile instead of synchronized for a simulationSynchronized block over concurrent collectionsOOP bank databaseThread safety/Transaction enforcerImplementation of stackSimple bank accountSynchronized Queue Wrapper C++11Singleton with a volatile and synchronized instanceBasic Java bank accountSimulate BankAccount in Java

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Synchronized implementation of a bank account in Java

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Synchronized implementation of a bank account in Java


Using volatile instead of synchronized for a simulationSynchronized block over concurrent collectionsOOP bank databaseThread safety/Transaction enforcerImplementation of stackSimple bank accountSynchronized Queue Wrapper C++11Singleton with a volatile and synchronized instanceBasic Java bank accountSimulate BankAccount in Java













4












$begingroup$


I am trying to implement a bank account with Java in a thread safe way. My code looks like:



import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.RoundingMode;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

/**
* Class to represent an account, it also provides with methods to add and withdraw amount from the account.
*
* @author Karan Khanna
* @version 1.0
* @since 3/17/2019
*/
public class Account

private ReadWriteLock accountLock;

private BigDecimal balance;

private String accountNumber;

private String accountHolder;

public Account(String accountNumber, String accountHolder)
this.balance = new BigDecimal(0);
this.accountNumber = accountNumber;
this.accountHolder = accountHolder;
this.accountLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();


public double getBalance()
this.accountLock.readLock().lock();
double balance = this.balance.setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN).doubleValue();
this.accountLock.readLock().unlock();
return balance;


public String getAccountNumber()
return accountNumber;


public String getAccountHolder()
return accountHolder;


public ReadWriteLock getAccountLock()
return accountLock;


public void addAmount(double amount)
this.accountLock.writeLock().lock();
this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount));
this.accountLock.writeLock().unlock();


public void withdrawAmount(double amount)
this.accountLock.writeLock().lock();
this.balance.subtract(new BigDecimal(amount));
this.accountLock.writeLock().unlock();




I am looking for feedback for the implementation.










share|improve this question









$endgroup$
















    4












    $begingroup$


    I am trying to implement a bank account with Java in a thread safe way. My code looks like:



    import java.math.BigDecimal;
    import java.math.RoundingMode;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
    import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

    /**
    * Class to represent an account, it also provides with methods to add and withdraw amount from the account.
    *
    * @author Karan Khanna
    * @version 1.0
    * @since 3/17/2019
    */
    public class Account

    private ReadWriteLock accountLock;

    private BigDecimal balance;

    private String accountNumber;

    private String accountHolder;

    public Account(String accountNumber, String accountHolder)
    this.balance = new BigDecimal(0);
    this.accountNumber = accountNumber;
    this.accountHolder = accountHolder;
    this.accountLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();


    public double getBalance()
    this.accountLock.readLock().lock();
    double balance = this.balance.setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN).doubleValue();
    this.accountLock.readLock().unlock();
    return balance;


    public String getAccountNumber()
    return accountNumber;


    public String getAccountHolder()
    return accountHolder;


    public ReadWriteLock getAccountLock()
    return accountLock;


    public void addAmount(double amount)
    this.accountLock.writeLock().lock();
    this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount));
    this.accountLock.writeLock().unlock();


    public void withdrawAmount(double amount)
    this.accountLock.writeLock().lock();
    this.balance.subtract(new BigDecimal(amount));
    this.accountLock.writeLock().unlock();




    I am looking for feedback for the implementation.










    share|improve this question









    $endgroup$














      4












      4








      4


      1



      $begingroup$


      I am trying to implement a bank account with Java in a thread safe way. My code looks like:



      import java.math.BigDecimal;
      import java.math.RoundingMode;
      import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
      import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

      /**
      * Class to represent an account, it also provides with methods to add and withdraw amount from the account.
      *
      * @author Karan Khanna
      * @version 1.0
      * @since 3/17/2019
      */
      public class Account

      private ReadWriteLock accountLock;

      private BigDecimal balance;

      private String accountNumber;

      private String accountHolder;

      public Account(String accountNumber, String accountHolder)
      this.balance = new BigDecimal(0);
      this.accountNumber = accountNumber;
      this.accountHolder = accountHolder;
      this.accountLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();


      public double getBalance()
      this.accountLock.readLock().lock();
      double balance = this.balance.setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN).doubleValue();
      this.accountLock.readLock().unlock();
      return balance;


      public String getAccountNumber()
      return accountNumber;


      public String getAccountHolder()
      return accountHolder;


      public ReadWriteLock getAccountLock()
      return accountLock;


      public void addAmount(double amount)
      this.accountLock.writeLock().lock();
      this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount));
      this.accountLock.writeLock().unlock();


      public void withdrawAmount(double amount)
      this.accountLock.writeLock().lock();
      this.balance.subtract(new BigDecimal(amount));
      this.accountLock.writeLock().unlock();




      I am looking for feedback for the implementation.










      share|improve this question









      $endgroup$




      I am trying to implement a bank account with Java in a thread safe way. My code looks like:



      import java.math.BigDecimal;
      import java.math.RoundingMode;
      import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
      import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

      /**
      * Class to represent an account, it also provides with methods to add and withdraw amount from the account.
      *
      * @author Karan Khanna
      * @version 1.0
      * @since 3/17/2019
      */
      public class Account

      private ReadWriteLock accountLock;

      private BigDecimal balance;

      private String accountNumber;

      private String accountHolder;

      public Account(String accountNumber, String accountHolder)
      this.balance = new BigDecimal(0);
      this.accountNumber = accountNumber;
      this.accountHolder = accountHolder;
      this.accountLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();


      public double getBalance()
      this.accountLock.readLock().lock();
      double balance = this.balance.setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN).doubleValue();
      this.accountLock.readLock().unlock();
      return balance;


      public String getAccountNumber()
      return accountNumber;


      public String getAccountHolder()
      return accountHolder;


      public ReadWriteLock getAccountLock()
      return accountLock;


      public void addAmount(double amount)
      this.accountLock.writeLock().lock();
      this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount));
      this.accountLock.writeLock().unlock();


      public void withdrawAmount(double amount)
      this.accountLock.writeLock().lock();
      this.balance.subtract(new BigDecimal(amount));
      this.accountLock.writeLock().unlock();




      I am looking for feedback for the implementation.







      java multithreading thread-safety






      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question











      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question










      asked 12 hours ago









      Karan KhannaKaran Khanna

      1856




      1856




















          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          6












          $begingroup$

          In terms of the basic thread locking, it looks like it is doing the right thing, but there are a number of issues in how you are calculating the account balance, and also some escaped locking as well.



          Note, your post is titled "Synchronized implementation", but it is not, it is a locked implementation. Synchronization is different, and, in this case, it may be a simpler mechanism.



          Locking



          Even if you don't catch exceptions, you should always use the try/finally mechanism for locking. Here, for example, it's possible that the addition may throw an exception (even though you don't catch it):



          public void addAmount(double amount) 
          this.accountLock.writeLock().lock();
          try
          this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount));
          finally
          this.accountLock.writeLock().unlock();




          In case you think that's extreme, well, the amount could be NaN or infinity, and that would throw a NumberFormatException, etc. Even if it were impossible for the logic to throw an error, you should still use the try/finally mechanism because it makes the logic obvious.



          The balance method has the most to gain:



          public double getBalance() 
          this.accountLock.readLock().lock();
          try
          return this.balance.setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN).doubleValue();
          finally
          this.accountLock.readLock().unlock();




          You are also leaking the lock through the public method to get it. You really should not allow other people to manipulate the lock strategy you have in your class. It is intended to be internal for a reason.



          Speaking of that lock, you should also make it final...



          private final ReadWriteLock accountLock;


          Bugs



          The most glaring issue is not with your locking, but with the balance management itself. BigDecimals are immutable. They cannot be changed. This does nothing: this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount)); .... that should be this.balance = this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount));.



          The accountNumber and accountHolder should be final as well.



          Finally, the getBalance method will not always return a 2-decimal double value. Not all values in binary floating-point are representable in decimal.






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$




















            0












            $begingroup$

            double is not a good choice to use for currency in Java. The better option is BigDecimal (which you are using for the internal balance, but not for the parameters passed to the addAmount and withdrawAmount methods). A better approach would be to make those methods take a BigDecimal parameter instead (and to use BigDecimal everywhere in your code that deals with currency amounts).



            If for some reason those methods need to take a double parameter then you should not convert it to a BigDecimal with the new BigDecimal(double) constructor - this will give an inaccurate conversion and an unexpected (and incorrect) value for the balance after the add/withdraw operation. For example, the following test fails:



             @Test
            public void demonstrateBigDecimalRoundingErrorsFromDouble()
            BigDecimal balance = BigDecimal.ZERO;
            balance = balance.add(new BigDecimal(0.1));
            assertThat(balance, is(new BigDecimal("0.1")));



            with the error



            java.lang.AssertionError: 
            Expected: is <0.1>
            but: was <0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625>


            The correct way to convert from a double to a BigDecimal is to use BigDecimal.valueOf(double). For example, changing the middle line in the above test will make it pass:



             @Test
            public void demonstrateBigDecimalRoundingErrorsFromDouble()
            BigDecimal balance = BigDecimal.ZERO;
            balance = balance.add(BigDecimal.valueOf(0.1));
            assertThat(balance, is(new BigDecimal("0.1")));






            share|improve this answer








            New contributor




            Player One is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
            Check out our Code of Conduct.






            $endgroup$












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              2 Answers
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              active

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              active

              oldest

              votes









              6












              $begingroup$

              In terms of the basic thread locking, it looks like it is doing the right thing, but there are a number of issues in how you are calculating the account balance, and also some escaped locking as well.



              Note, your post is titled "Synchronized implementation", but it is not, it is a locked implementation. Synchronization is different, and, in this case, it may be a simpler mechanism.



              Locking



              Even if you don't catch exceptions, you should always use the try/finally mechanism for locking. Here, for example, it's possible that the addition may throw an exception (even though you don't catch it):



              public void addAmount(double amount) 
              this.accountLock.writeLock().lock();
              try
              this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount));
              finally
              this.accountLock.writeLock().unlock();




              In case you think that's extreme, well, the amount could be NaN or infinity, and that would throw a NumberFormatException, etc. Even if it were impossible for the logic to throw an error, you should still use the try/finally mechanism because it makes the logic obvious.



              The balance method has the most to gain:



              public double getBalance() 
              this.accountLock.readLock().lock();
              try
              return this.balance.setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN).doubleValue();
              finally
              this.accountLock.readLock().unlock();




              You are also leaking the lock through the public method to get it. You really should not allow other people to manipulate the lock strategy you have in your class. It is intended to be internal for a reason.



              Speaking of that lock, you should also make it final...



              private final ReadWriteLock accountLock;


              Bugs



              The most glaring issue is not with your locking, but with the balance management itself. BigDecimals are immutable. They cannot be changed. This does nothing: this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount)); .... that should be this.balance = this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount));.



              The accountNumber and accountHolder should be final as well.



              Finally, the getBalance method will not always return a 2-decimal double value. Not all values in binary floating-point are representable in decimal.






              share|improve this answer











              $endgroup$

















                6












                $begingroup$

                In terms of the basic thread locking, it looks like it is doing the right thing, but there are a number of issues in how you are calculating the account balance, and also some escaped locking as well.



                Note, your post is titled "Synchronized implementation", but it is not, it is a locked implementation. Synchronization is different, and, in this case, it may be a simpler mechanism.



                Locking



                Even if you don't catch exceptions, you should always use the try/finally mechanism for locking. Here, for example, it's possible that the addition may throw an exception (even though you don't catch it):



                public void addAmount(double amount) 
                this.accountLock.writeLock().lock();
                try
                this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount));
                finally
                this.accountLock.writeLock().unlock();




                In case you think that's extreme, well, the amount could be NaN or infinity, and that would throw a NumberFormatException, etc. Even if it were impossible for the logic to throw an error, you should still use the try/finally mechanism because it makes the logic obvious.



                The balance method has the most to gain:



                public double getBalance() 
                this.accountLock.readLock().lock();
                try
                return this.balance.setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN).doubleValue();
                finally
                this.accountLock.readLock().unlock();




                You are also leaking the lock through the public method to get it. You really should not allow other people to manipulate the lock strategy you have in your class. It is intended to be internal for a reason.



                Speaking of that lock, you should also make it final...



                private final ReadWriteLock accountLock;


                Bugs



                The most glaring issue is not with your locking, but with the balance management itself. BigDecimals are immutable. They cannot be changed. This does nothing: this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount)); .... that should be this.balance = this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount));.



                The accountNumber and accountHolder should be final as well.



                Finally, the getBalance method will not always return a 2-decimal double value. Not all values in binary floating-point are representable in decimal.






                share|improve this answer











                $endgroup$















                  6












                  6








                  6





                  $begingroup$

                  In terms of the basic thread locking, it looks like it is doing the right thing, but there are a number of issues in how you are calculating the account balance, and also some escaped locking as well.



                  Note, your post is titled "Synchronized implementation", but it is not, it is a locked implementation. Synchronization is different, and, in this case, it may be a simpler mechanism.



                  Locking



                  Even if you don't catch exceptions, you should always use the try/finally mechanism for locking. Here, for example, it's possible that the addition may throw an exception (even though you don't catch it):



                  public void addAmount(double amount) 
                  this.accountLock.writeLock().lock();
                  try
                  this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount));
                  finally
                  this.accountLock.writeLock().unlock();




                  In case you think that's extreme, well, the amount could be NaN or infinity, and that would throw a NumberFormatException, etc. Even if it were impossible for the logic to throw an error, you should still use the try/finally mechanism because it makes the logic obvious.



                  The balance method has the most to gain:



                  public double getBalance() 
                  this.accountLock.readLock().lock();
                  try
                  return this.balance.setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN).doubleValue();
                  finally
                  this.accountLock.readLock().unlock();




                  You are also leaking the lock through the public method to get it. You really should not allow other people to manipulate the lock strategy you have in your class. It is intended to be internal for a reason.



                  Speaking of that lock, you should also make it final...



                  private final ReadWriteLock accountLock;


                  Bugs



                  The most glaring issue is not with your locking, but with the balance management itself. BigDecimals are immutable. They cannot be changed. This does nothing: this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount)); .... that should be this.balance = this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount));.



                  The accountNumber and accountHolder should be final as well.



                  Finally, the getBalance method will not always return a 2-decimal double value. Not all values in binary floating-point are representable in decimal.






                  share|improve this answer











                  $endgroup$



                  In terms of the basic thread locking, it looks like it is doing the right thing, but there are a number of issues in how you are calculating the account balance, and also some escaped locking as well.



                  Note, your post is titled "Synchronized implementation", but it is not, it is a locked implementation. Synchronization is different, and, in this case, it may be a simpler mechanism.



                  Locking



                  Even if you don't catch exceptions, you should always use the try/finally mechanism for locking. Here, for example, it's possible that the addition may throw an exception (even though you don't catch it):



                  public void addAmount(double amount) 
                  this.accountLock.writeLock().lock();
                  try
                  this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount));
                  finally
                  this.accountLock.writeLock().unlock();




                  In case you think that's extreme, well, the amount could be NaN or infinity, and that would throw a NumberFormatException, etc. Even if it were impossible for the logic to throw an error, you should still use the try/finally mechanism because it makes the logic obvious.



                  The balance method has the most to gain:



                  public double getBalance() 
                  this.accountLock.readLock().lock();
                  try
                  return this.balance.setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN).doubleValue();
                  finally
                  this.accountLock.readLock().unlock();




                  You are also leaking the lock through the public method to get it. You really should not allow other people to manipulate the lock strategy you have in your class. It is intended to be internal for a reason.



                  Speaking of that lock, you should also make it final...



                  private final ReadWriteLock accountLock;


                  Bugs



                  The most glaring issue is not with your locking, but with the balance management itself. BigDecimals are immutable. They cannot be changed. This does nothing: this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount)); .... that should be this.balance = this.balance.add(new BigDecimal(amount));.



                  The accountNumber and accountHolder should be final as well.



                  Finally, the getBalance method will not always return a 2-decimal double value. Not all values in binary floating-point are representable in decimal.







                  share|improve this answer














                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer








                  edited 11 hours ago

























                  answered 11 hours ago









                  rolflrolfl

                  91.1k13192395




                  91.1k13192395























                      0












                      $begingroup$

                      double is not a good choice to use for currency in Java. The better option is BigDecimal (which you are using for the internal balance, but not for the parameters passed to the addAmount and withdrawAmount methods). A better approach would be to make those methods take a BigDecimal parameter instead (and to use BigDecimal everywhere in your code that deals with currency amounts).



                      If for some reason those methods need to take a double parameter then you should not convert it to a BigDecimal with the new BigDecimal(double) constructor - this will give an inaccurate conversion and an unexpected (and incorrect) value for the balance after the add/withdraw operation. For example, the following test fails:



                       @Test
                      public void demonstrateBigDecimalRoundingErrorsFromDouble()
                      BigDecimal balance = BigDecimal.ZERO;
                      balance = balance.add(new BigDecimal(0.1));
                      assertThat(balance, is(new BigDecimal("0.1")));



                      with the error



                      java.lang.AssertionError: 
                      Expected: is <0.1>
                      but: was <0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625>


                      The correct way to convert from a double to a BigDecimal is to use BigDecimal.valueOf(double). For example, changing the middle line in the above test will make it pass:



                       @Test
                      public void demonstrateBigDecimalRoundingErrorsFromDouble()
                      BigDecimal balance = BigDecimal.ZERO;
                      balance = balance.add(BigDecimal.valueOf(0.1));
                      assertThat(balance, is(new BigDecimal("0.1")));






                      share|improve this answer








                      New contributor




                      Player One is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.






                      $endgroup$

















                        0












                        $begingroup$

                        double is not a good choice to use for currency in Java. The better option is BigDecimal (which you are using for the internal balance, but not for the parameters passed to the addAmount and withdrawAmount methods). A better approach would be to make those methods take a BigDecimal parameter instead (and to use BigDecimal everywhere in your code that deals with currency amounts).



                        If for some reason those methods need to take a double parameter then you should not convert it to a BigDecimal with the new BigDecimal(double) constructor - this will give an inaccurate conversion and an unexpected (and incorrect) value for the balance after the add/withdraw operation. For example, the following test fails:



                         @Test
                        public void demonstrateBigDecimalRoundingErrorsFromDouble()
                        BigDecimal balance = BigDecimal.ZERO;
                        balance = balance.add(new BigDecimal(0.1));
                        assertThat(balance, is(new BigDecimal("0.1")));



                        with the error



                        java.lang.AssertionError: 
                        Expected: is <0.1>
                        but: was <0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625>


                        The correct way to convert from a double to a BigDecimal is to use BigDecimal.valueOf(double). For example, changing the middle line in the above test will make it pass:



                         @Test
                        public void demonstrateBigDecimalRoundingErrorsFromDouble()
                        BigDecimal balance = BigDecimal.ZERO;
                        balance = balance.add(BigDecimal.valueOf(0.1));
                        assertThat(balance, is(new BigDecimal("0.1")));






                        share|improve this answer








                        New contributor




                        Player One is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                        Check out our Code of Conduct.






                        $endgroup$















                          0












                          0








                          0





                          $begingroup$

                          double is not a good choice to use for currency in Java. The better option is BigDecimal (which you are using for the internal balance, but not for the parameters passed to the addAmount and withdrawAmount methods). A better approach would be to make those methods take a BigDecimal parameter instead (and to use BigDecimal everywhere in your code that deals with currency amounts).



                          If for some reason those methods need to take a double parameter then you should not convert it to a BigDecimal with the new BigDecimal(double) constructor - this will give an inaccurate conversion and an unexpected (and incorrect) value for the balance after the add/withdraw operation. For example, the following test fails:



                           @Test
                          public void demonstrateBigDecimalRoundingErrorsFromDouble()
                          BigDecimal balance = BigDecimal.ZERO;
                          balance = balance.add(new BigDecimal(0.1));
                          assertThat(balance, is(new BigDecimal("0.1")));



                          with the error



                          java.lang.AssertionError: 
                          Expected: is <0.1>
                          but: was <0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625>


                          The correct way to convert from a double to a BigDecimal is to use BigDecimal.valueOf(double). For example, changing the middle line in the above test will make it pass:



                           @Test
                          public void demonstrateBigDecimalRoundingErrorsFromDouble()
                          BigDecimal balance = BigDecimal.ZERO;
                          balance = balance.add(BigDecimal.valueOf(0.1));
                          assertThat(balance, is(new BigDecimal("0.1")));






                          share|improve this answer








                          New contributor




                          Player One is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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                          double is not a good choice to use for currency in Java. The better option is BigDecimal (which you are using for the internal balance, but not for the parameters passed to the addAmount and withdrawAmount methods). A better approach would be to make those methods take a BigDecimal parameter instead (and to use BigDecimal everywhere in your code that deals with currency amounts).



                          If for some reason those methods need to take a double parameter then you should not convert it to a BigDecimal with the new BigDecimal(double) constructor - this will give an inaccurate conversion and an unexpected (and incorrect) value for the balance after the add/withdraw operation. For example, the following test fails:



                           @Test
                          public void demonstrateBigDecimalRoundingErrorsFromDouble()
                          BigDecimal balance = BigDecimal.ZERO;
                          balance = balance.add(new BigDecimal(0.1));
                          assertThat(balance, is(new BigDecimal("0.1")));



                          with the error



                          java.lang.AssertionError: 
                          Expected: is <0.1>
                          but: was <0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625>


                          The correct way to convert from a double to a BigDecimal is to use BigDecimal.valueOf(double). For example, changing the middle line in the above test will make it pass:



                           @Test
                          public void demonstrateBigDecimalRoundingErrorsFromDouble()
                          BigDecimal balance = BigDecimal.ZERO;
                          balance = balance.add(BigDecimal.valueOf(0.1));
                          assertThat(balance, is(new BigDecimal("0.1")));







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                          answered 2 hours ago









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