Why does the degree of dissociation change when we dilute a weak acid even though the equilibrium constant $K$ is constant?How do I calculate the degree of dissociation in equilibrium?Does the number of H+ ions in solution go up on dilution of a weak acid?Zwitterion (amino acid) equilibrium and the equilibrium constantProve that a Change of Volume will not Change the Value of the Equilibrium ConstantWhat is the effect of dilution on the degree of dissociation of a weak acid or base?Is it true that un-dissociated HCl exists in dilute hydrochloric acid?Why is the hydrolysis of the conjugate base of a weak acid neglected in buffer solutions?Do weak acid/weak base neutralisation reactions go to completion?How to calculate the percentage dissociation of phosgene using the pressure equilibrium constant?Which rate, the forward or reverse rate of acid dissociation, is more strongly affected when diluting acetic acid in aqueous solution?

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Why does the degree of dissociation change when we dilute a weak acid even though the equilibrium constant $K$ is constant?


How do I calculate the degree of dissociation in equilibrium?Does the number of H+ ions in solution go up on dilution of a weak acid?Zwitterion (amino acid) equilibrium and the equilibrium constantProve that a Change of Volume will not Change the Value of the Equilibrium ConstantWhat is the effect of dilution on the degree of dissociation of a weak acid or base?Is it true that un-dissociated HCl exists in dilute hydrochloric acid?Why is the hydrolysis of the conjugate base of a weak acid neglected in buffer solutions?Do weak acid/weak base neutralisation reactions go to completion?How to calculate the percentage dissociation of phosgene using the pressure equilibrium constant?Which rate, the forward or reverse rate of acid dissociation, is more strongly affected when diluting acetic acid in aqueous solution?













4












$begingroup$


$K$ represents the ratio of concentrations of molecules in a solution at equilibrium, which means that $Q_mathrmr$ (that ratio at any given point) looks to be identical to $K$. In other words, the molecules in that solution react accordingly so that they reach equilibrium and the ratio of their concentrations is equal to $K$.



If $K$ is large enough (bigger than $10^4$ in my curriculum), this means that the the concentration of the reactants is almost zero. In other words, the equilibrium position of that solution looks very much like a reaction that went to completion.



The more we dilute an acidic/basic solution, the higher the degree of dissociation, even though $K$ stays the same. So, does that mean that the more we dilute a solution the harder it is for it to reach the point of equilibrium for that specific molecule/solution or what?



For instance, say you found $K$ of solution to be $10^-5$. This means that when the reaction happens there are lots of reactants left, and not much products produced, which means that the degree of dissociation is low. But the more we dilute a solution, the closer it gets to a "complete reaction" (if you pour a small amount of weak-acid molecules into a large tank of water, it's certain that all of the weak-acid molecules are going to react with the water, i.e. the degree of dissociation approaches $100%$).



So, how come $K$ can be independent of the initial reactants concentrations, and tell if a reaction was complete or not, when the "completion" of a reaction (the degree of dissociation) depends on the initial concentrations of reactants?










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  • 1




    $begingroup$
    These two videos might help : khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/… ; khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/… . It's down to the chemical potential. Two systems with different concentrations of reactants and products may both be at equilibrium, there is nothing contradictory about that. The equilibrium constant tells you how to identify such systems.
    $endgroup$
    – user6376297
    14 hours ago















4












$begingroup$


$K$ represents the ratio of concentrations of molecules in a solution at equilibrium, which means that $Q_mathrmr$ (that ratio at any given point) looks to be identical to $K$. In other words, the molecules in that solution react accordingly so that they reach equilibrium and the ratio of their concentrations is equal to $K$.



If $K$ is large enough (bigger than $10^4$ in my curriculum), this means that the the concentration of the reactants is almost zero. In other words, the equilibrium position of that solution looks very much like a reaction that went to completion.



The more we dilute an acidic/basic solution, the higher the degree of dissociation, even though $K$ stays the same. So, does that mean that the more we dilute a solution the harder it is for it to reach the point of equilibrium for that specific molecule/solution or what?



For instance, say you found $K$ of solution to be $10^-5$. This means that when the reaction happens there are lots of reactants left, and not much products produced, which means that the degree of dissociation is low. But the more we dilute a solution, the closer it gets to a "complete reaction" (if you pour a small amount of weak-acid molecules into a large tank of water, it's certain that all of the weak-acid molecules are going to react with the water, i.e. the degree of dissociation approaches $100%$).



So, how come $K$ can be independent of the initial reactants concentrations, and tell if a reaction was complete or not, when the "completion" of a reaction (the degree of dissociation) depends on the initial concentrations of reactants?










share|improve this question









New contributor




Elhamer Yacine is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.







$endgroup$







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    These two videos might help : khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/… ; khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/… . It's down to the chemical potential. Two systems with different concentrations of reactants and products may both be at equilibrium, there is nothing contradictory about that. The equilibrium constant tells you how to identify such systems.
    $endgroup$
    – user6376297
    14 hours ago













4












4








4





$begingroup$


$K$ represents the ratio of concentrations of molecules in a solution at equilibrium, which means that $Q_mathrmr$ (that ratio at any given point) looks to be identical to $K$. In other words, the molecules in that solution react accordingly so that they reach equilibrium and the ratio of their concentrations is equal to $K$.



If $K$ is large enough (bigger than $10^4$ in my curriculum), this means that the the concentration of the reactants is almost zero. In other words, the equilibrium position of that solution looks very much like a reaction that went to completion.



The more we dilute an acidic/basic solution, the higher the degree of dissociation, even though $K$ stays the same. So, does that mean that the more we dilute a solution the harder it is for it to reach the point of equilibrium for that specific molecule/solution or what?



For instance, say you found $K$ of solution to be $10^-5$. This means that when the reaction happens there are lots of reactants left, and not much products produced, which means that the degree of dissociation is low. But the more we dilute a solution, the closer it gets to a "complete reaction" (if you pour a small amount of weak-acid molecules into a large tank of water, it's certain that all of the weak-acid molecules are going to react with the water, i.e. the degree of dissociation approaches $100%$).



So, how come $K$ can be independent of the initial reactants concentrations, and tell if a reaction was complete or not, when the "completion" of a reaction (the degree of dissociation) depends on the initial concentrations of reactants?










share|improve this question









New contributor




Elhamer Yacine is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.







$endgroup$




$K$ represents the ratio of concentrations of molecules in a solution at equilibrium, which means that $Q_mathrmr$ (that ratio at any given point) looks to be identical to $K$. In other words, the molecules in that solution react accordingly so that they reach equilibrium and the ratio of their concentrations is equal to $K$.



If $K$ is large enough (bigger than $10^4$ in my curriculum), this means that the the concentration of the reactants is almost zero. In other words, the equilibrium position of that solution looks very much like a reaction that went to completion.



The more we dilute an acidic/basic solution, the higher the degree of dissociation, even though $K$ stays the same. So, does that mean that the more we dilute a solution the harder it is for it to reach the point of equilibrium for that specific molecule/solution or what?



For instance, say you found $K$ of solution to be $10^-5$. This means that when the reaction happens there are lots of reactants left, and not much products produced, which means that the degree of dissociation is low. But the more we dilute a solution, the closer it gets to a "complete reaction" (if you pour a small amount of weak-acid molecules into a large tank of water, it's certain that all of the weak-acid molecules are going to react with the water, i.e. the degree of dissociation approaches $100%$).



So, how come $K$ can be independent of the initial reactants concentrations, and tell if a reaction was complete or not, when the "completion" of a reaction (the degree of dissociation) depends on the initial concentrations of reactants?







physical-chemistry acid-base equilibrium solutions






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edited 3 hours ago









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Check out our Code of Conduct.







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    These two videos might help : khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/… ; khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/… . It's down to the chemical potential. Two systems with different concentrations of reactants and products may both be at equilibrium, there is nothing contradictory about that. The equilibrium constant tells you how to identify such systems.
    $endgroup$
    – user6376297
    14 hours ago












  • 1




    $begingroup$
    These two videos might help : khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/… ; khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/… . It's down to the chemical potential. Two systems with different concentrations of reactants and products may both be at equilibrium, there is nothing contradictory about that. The equilibrium constant tells you how to identify such systems.
    $endgroup$
    – user6376297
    14 hours ago







1




1




$begingroup$
These two videos might help : khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/… ; khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/… . It's down to the chemical potential. Two systems with different concentrations of reactants and products may both be at equilibrium, there is nothing contradictory about that. The equilibrium constant tells you how to identify such systems.
$endgroup$
– user6376297
14 hours ago




$begingroup$
These two videos might help : khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/… ; khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/… . It's down to the chemical potential. Two systems with different concentrations of reactants and products may both be at equilibrium, there is nothing contradictory about that. The equilibrium constant tells you how to identify such systems.
$endgroup$
– user6376297
14 hours ago










4 Answers
4






active

oldest

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2












$begingroup$


If K is large enough (bigger than $10^4$ in my curriculum), this means that the the concentration of the reactants is almost zero.




This statement is not always true - it depends on the stoichiometry of the reaction.



For the reaction $$ceA(aq) <=> B(aq)$$



the concentration of A is much smaller (ten thousand times) than that of B if $K = 10^4$, and this is independent of diluting the solution. It's fair to say that there is almost no A compared to B.



For the reaction $$ce4A(aq) <=> 4B(aq)$$



the concentration of A is just ten times smaller than that of B if $K = 10^4$, and this is also independent of diluting the solution. However, there is quite a bit of A compared to B, and it is a bit misleading to say the the concentration of A is almost zero.



Both of these reactions had the same number of reactant species as product species (all in the same solution, so all equally affected by dilution).




The more we dilute an acidic/basic solution, the more the reaction is "complete", the more the reactants disappear, but K stays the same.




Here, "complete" would mean the absence of reactants, i.e. a reaction that goes to completion. Weak acids are defined by not completely dissociating, in contrast to strong acids. The general reaction for a weak acid is:



$$ceAH(aq) <=> H+(aq) + A-(aq)$$



Notice that there are more product particles than reactant particles. For those type of reactions, dilution favors the products. In fact, if $K = 10^-5$ for this reaction and all concentrations are $pu10^-5 M$, the reaction is at equilibrium. This means even though the equilibrium constant is much smaller than one, you still can have reactants and products at the same concentrations.



On the other hand, if there are more reactant particles than product particles, dilution has the opposite effect. For a complex formation reaction between a metal M and a ligand L



$$ceM(aq) + 4 L(aq) <=> ML4(aq)$$



dilution will cause the complex to fall apart. If $K = 10^4$ and the free ligand concentration is one molar, there will be a lot of complex and very little free metal. On the other hand, if the free ligand concentration is one millimolar (0.001 M), there is hardly any complex and most of the metal will be in the form of the free metal.




Why does the degree of dissociation change when we dilute a weak acid even though the equilibrium constant K is constant?




As the examples above illustrated, this is because for these specific reactions, the sum of exponents for the products is higher than that of the reactants in the equilibrium constant expression. As you dilute, Q will decrease, and the reaction will go forward to reach K again. At infinite dilution, the product will be favored no matter what the value of the equilibrium constant is.



If you want to have a general statement about what the value of K means, it would be something like "as K increases, the equilibrium concentration of products will increase and those of reactants will decrease".






share|improve this answer











$endgroup$




















    5












    $begingroup$

    See my comment above.



    As a numerical example, take acetic acid ($ceAcOH$), which has $K_mathrma = 1.8 cdot 10^-5$.



    This means that:



    $$K_mathrma = frac[ceAcO-][ceH+][ceAcOH]$$



    And the total nominal concentration of acid is:



    $$C_mathrma = [ceAcOH] + [ceAcO-]$$



    Combining these two equations, you can see that the % of dissociated acid is:



    $$alpha = frac[ceAcO-]C_mathrma = fracK_mathrmaK_mathrma + [ceH+]$$



    i.e. not a constant, but a value that depends on the $mathrmpH$. So no, there is no need for the 'degree of completion' of the reaction to be a constant.



    You can even calculate the explicit concentrations of all the species.



    Given that:



    $$C_mathrma = left(frac1[ceH+] + frac1K_mathrmaright) cdot ( [ceH+]^2 - K_mathrmw^2)$$



    you can see that, for $mathrmpH = 5$ you need:



    $$C_mathrma = left(frac110^-5 + frac11.8 cdot 10^-5right) cdot left((10^-5)^2 - (10^-14)^2right) = 1.5554 cdot 10^-5$$



    Then:



    $$[ceAcOH] = fracC_mathrma cdot [ceH+]K_mathrma + [ceH+] = 5.555 cdot 10^-6$$



    $$[ceAcO-] = C_mathrma - [ceAcOH] = 9.999 cdot 10^-6$$



    So the % of dissociated $ceAcOH$ is:



    $$alpha = frac[ceAcO-]C_mathrma approx 64 %$$



    Now repeat for $mathrmpH = 3$:



    $$C_mathrma = left(frac110^-3 + frac11.8 cdot 10^-5right) cdot left((10^-3)^2 - (10^-14)^2right) approx 0.05656$$



    $$[ceAcOH] = fracC_mathrma cdot [ceH+]K_mathrma + [ceH+] approx 0.05556$$



    $$[ceAcO-] = C_mathrma - [ceAcOH] approx 0.001$$



    $$alpha = frac[ceAcO-]C_mathrma approx 1.8 %$$



    So you see, in a more dilute mixture the $mathrmpH$ is higher, and the dissociation reaction of acetic acid is 'more complete', whereas at higher concentration the pH is lower, and there is proportionally less acetate anion.



    All of these systems are at equilibrium.






    share|improve this answer











    $endgroup$




















      3












      $begingroup$

      $K$, the equilibrium constant, is independent of the composition of the system. It simply describes the preference of the system for reactants or products.



      On the other hand, there is the reaction quotient, $Q$, which describes the position of the system relative to equilibrium. $Q$ is the value that is variable and that you adjust to be closer to $K$. Technically, $K$ can also be computed from the standard free energy change of the reaction, $Delta G ^circ$.



      What's confusing is the $Q$ and $K$ are computed in the exact same way, with the sole difference that for $Q$, you plug in the values you have right now, and for $K$, you plug in the values at any equilibrium.



      If $Q=K$, you are at equilibrium.



      If $Q < K$, you need to push the reaction towards more products.



      If $Q > K$, you need to push the reaction towards more reactants.



      When you dilute a solution (or make other changes), you may change the value of $Q$, which may put you farther from equilibrium, but the opposite may also be true. It depends on the specific reaction and the form of the equilibrium expression.



      EDIT:



      Your confusion is because you're confusing $Q$ measured at different points in time. At the end of the reaction $t = infty$, $Q = K$. At the beginning of the reaction, $Q_0 < K$. Over time, as the reaction goes towards equilibrium, the value of $Q$ will get closer to $K$. If at the beginning of the reaction, you dilute the solution, you may get a different value of $Q$. If it's smaller, then you have farther to go to get to equilibrium. But again, this depends on the molecularity of the reaction.



      $$ceA + B -> C$$



      $$ceA -> C$$



      $$ceA -> C + D$$



      Here are three different reactions.



      In the first reaction, at the beginning of the reaction, with $Q < K$, dilution pushes you towards equilibrium because reactant concentrations enter into the equilibrium expression twice.



      $$Q = fracce[C]ce[A][B]$$



      If you halve all three concentrations, the value of $Q$ will get bigger.



      In a similar vein, the second equation is unaffected by dilution. In fact, at equilibrium, dilution preserves equilibrium.



      And for reaction 3, dilution pushes you farther away from equilibrium.



      For all three reactions, at the end of the reaction, you will have $Q = K$. But for reactions 1 and 3, dilution at equilibrium changes the value of $Q$ and the reaction will need to adjust again to reach equilibrium.






      share|improve this answer











      $endgroup$












      • $begingroup$
        "You may change the value of Q" the Q at the end of the diluted-solution's reaction? If so, then does that mean that if you dilute a solution to a certain point, Q stops going towards K? Also, If K is small (say smaller than 10⁴), can you dilute a solution to a certain concentration so that it's reaction is complete (α=1)? If not, then how can this saying be explained: "K is only affected by temperature and not the initial concentration of the reactants, while the 'advancement' of a reaction (α) is affected by both temperature and the initial concentration of the reactants"?
        $endgroup$
        – Elhamer Yacine
        12 hours ago






      • 1




        $begingroup$
        No, immediately after dilution. $Q$ will be $K$ at the end. You cannot dilute the reaction to completion. But it might get closer or farther depending on coefficients of the balanced reaction. I think you are confusing $K$ and $Q$. The first is constant. The latter is not.
        $endgroup$
        – Zhe
        5 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        Hmm, I think I'm having trouble wrapping my head around how can a diluted-reaction be closer to completion with Q at the end of that reaction still being the same as before
        $endgroup$
        – Elhamer Yacine
        4 hours ago











      • $begingroup$
        Let me add an edit. I think that will help.
        $endgroup$
        – Zhe
        3 hours ago


















      0












      $begingroup$

      A really handwavy explanation would be that the system, attempting to maximize its entropy, will prefer dissociated states as the system dilutes since there will be an increasing number of microscopic configurations with atoms $A$ and $B$ far apart (i.e. molecule $AB$ dissociated) as opposed to close together (i.e. atoms $A$ and $B$ bound together into molecule $AB$).






      share|improve this answer








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        4 Answers
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        $begingroup$


        If K is large enough (bigger than $10^4$ in my curriculum), this means that the the concentration of the reactants is almost zero.




        This statement is not always true - it depends on the stoichiometry of the reaction.



        For the reaction $$ceA(aq) <=> B(aq)$$



        the concentration of A is much smaller (ten thousand times) than that of B if $K = 10^4$, and this is independent of diluting the solution. It's fair to say that there is almost no A compared to B.



        For the reaction $$ce4A(aq) <=> 4B(aq)$$



        the concentration of A is just ten times smaller than that of B if $K = 10^4$, and this is also independent of diluting the solution. However, there is quite a bit of A compared to B, and it is a bit misleading to say the the concentration of A is almost zero.



        Both of these reactions had the same number of reactant species as product species (all in the same solution, so all equally affected by dilution).




        The more we dilute an acidic/basic solution, the more the reaction is "complete", the more the reactants disappear, but K stays the same.




        Here, "complete" would mean the absence of reactants, i.e. a reaction that goes to completion. Weak acids are defined by not completely dissociating, in contrast to strong acids. The general reaction for a weak acid is:



        $$ceAH(aq) <=> H+(aq) + A-(aq)$$



        Notice that there are more product particles than reactant particles. For those type of reactions, dilution favors the products. In fact, if $K = 10^-5$ for this reaction and all concentrations are $pu10^-5 M$, the reaction is at equilibrium. This means even though the equilibrium constant is much smaller than one, you still can have reactants and products at the same concentrations.



        On the other hand, if there are more reactant particles than product particles, dilution has the opposite effect. For a complex formation reaction between a metal M and a ligand L



        $$ceM(aq) + 4 L(aq) <=> ML4(aq)$$



        dilution will cause the complex to fall apart. If $K = 10^4$ and the free ligand concentration is one molar, there will be a lot of complex and very little free metal. On the other hand, if the free ligand concentration is one millimolar (0.001 M), there is hardly any complex and most of the metal will be in the form of the free metal.




        Why does the degree of dissociation change when we dilute a weak acid even though the equilibrium constant K is constant?




        As the examples above illustrated, this is because for these specific reactions, the sum of exponents for the products is higher than that of the reactants in the equilibrium constant expression. As you dilute, Q will decrease, and the reaction will go forward to reach K again. At infinite dilution, the product will be favored no matter what the value of the equilibrium constant is.



        If you want to have a general statement about what the value of K means, it would be something like "as K increases, the equilibrium concentration of products will increase and those of reactants will decrease".






        share|improve this answer











        $endgroup$

















          2












          $begingroup$


          If K is large enough (bigger than $10^4$ in my curriculum), this means that the the concentration of the reactants is almost zero.




          This statement is not always true - it depends on the stoichiometry of the reaction.



          For the reaction $$ceA(aq) <=> B(aq)$$



          the concentration of A is much smaller (ten thousand times) than that of B if $K = 10^4$, and this is independent of diluting the solution. It's fair to say that there is almost no A compared to B.



          For the reaction $$ce4A(aq) <=> 4B(aq)$$



          the concentration of A is just ten times smaller than that of B if $K = 10^4$, and this is also independent of diluting the solution. However, there is quite a bit of A compared to B, and it is a bit misleading to say the the concentration of A is almost zero.



          Both of these reactions had the same number of reactant species as product species (all in the same solution, so all equally affected by dilution).




          The more we dilute an acidic/basic solution, the more the reaction is "complete", the more the reactants disappear, but K stays the same.




          Here, "complete" would mean the absence of reactants, i.e. a reaction that goes to completion. Weak acids are defined by not completely dissociating, in contrast to strong acids. The general reaction for a weak acid is:



          $$ceAH(aq) <=> H+(aq) + A-(aq)$$



          Notice that there are more product particles than reactant particles. For those type of reactions, dilution favors the products. In fact, if $K = 10^-5$ for this reaction and all concentrations are $pu10^-5 M$, the reaction is at equilibrium. This means even though the equilibrium constant is much smaller than one, you still can have reactants and products at the same concentrations.



          On the other hand, if there are more reactant particles than product particles, dilution has the opposite effect. For a complex formation reaction between a metal M and a ligand L



          $$ceM(aq) + 4 L(aq) <=> ML4(aq)$$



          dilution will cause the complex to fall apart. If $K = 10^4$ and the free ligand concentration is one molar, there will be a lot of complex and very little free metal. On the other hand, if the free ligand concentration is one millimolar (0.001 M), there is hardly any complex and most of the metal will be in the form of the free metal.




          Why does the degree of dissociation change when we dilute a weak acid even though the equilibrium constant K is constant?




          As the examples above illustrated, this is because for these specific reactions, the sum of exponents for the products is higher than that of the reactants in the equilibrium constant expression. As you dilute, Q will decrease, and the reaction will go forward to reach K again. At infinite dilution, the product will be favored no matter what the value of the equilibrium constant is.



          If you want to have a general statement about what the value of K means, it would be something like "as K increases, the equilibrium concentration of products will increase and those of reactants will decrease".






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$















            2












            2








            2





            $begingroup$


            If K is large enough (bigger than $10^4$ in my curriculum), this means that the the concentration of the reactants is almost zero.




            This statement is not always true - it depends on the stoichiometry of the reaction.



            For the reaction $$ceA(aq) <=> B(aq)$$



            the concentration of A is much smaller (ten thousand times) than that of B if $K = 10^4$, and this is independent of diluting the solution. It's fair to say that there is almost no A compared to B.



            For the reaction $$ce4A(aq) <=> 4B(aq)$$



            the concentration of A is just ten times smaller than that of B if $K = 10^4$, and this is also independent of diluting the solution. However, there is quite a bit of A compared to B, and it is a bit misleading to say the the concentration of A is almost zero.



            Both of these reactions had the same number of reactant species as product species (all in the same solution, so all equally affected by dilution).




            The more we dilute an acidic/basic solution, the more the reaction is "complete", the more the reactants disappear, but K stays the same.




            Here, "complete" would mean the absence of reactants, i.e. a reaction that goes to completion. Weak acids are defined by not completely dissociating, in contrast to strong acids. The general reaction for a weak acid is:



            $$ceAH(aq) <=> H+(aq) + A-(aq)$$



            Notice that there are more product particles than reactant particles. For those type of reactions, dilution favors the products. In fact, if $K = 10^-5$ for this reaction and all concentrations are $pu10^-5 M$, the reaction is at equilibrium. This means even though the equilibrium constant is much smaller than one, you still can have reactants and products at the same concentrations.



            On the other hand, if there are more reactant particles than product particles, dilution has the opposite effect. For a complex formation reaction between a metal M and a ligand L



            $$ceM(aq) + 4 L(aq) <=> ML4(aq)$$



            dilution will cause the complex to fall apart. If $K = 10^4$ and the free ligand concentration is one molar, there will be a lot of complex and very little free metal. On the other hand, if the free ligand concentration is one millimolar (0.001 M), there is hardly any complex and most of the metal will be in the form of the free metal.




            Why does the degree of dissociation change when we dilute a weak acid even though the equilibrium constant K is constant?




            As the examples above illustrated, this is because for these specific reactions, the sum of exponents for the products is higher than that of the reactants in the equilibrium constant expression. As you dilute, Q will decrease, and the reaction will go forward to reach K again. At infinite dilution, the product will be favored no matter what the value of the equilibrium constant is.



            If you want to have a general statement about what the value of K means, it would be something like "as K increases, the equilibrium concentration of products will increase and those of reactants will decrease".






            share|improve this answer











            $endgroup$




            If K is large enough (bigger than $10^4$ in my curriculum), this means that the the concentration of the reactants is almost zero.




            This statement is not always true - it depends on the stoichiometry of the reaction.



            For the reaction $$ceA(aq) <=> B(aq)$$



            the concentration of A is much smaller (ten thousand times) than that of B if $K = 10^4$, and this is independent of diluting the solution. It's fair to say that there is almost no A compared to B.



            For the reaction $$ce4A(aq) <=> 4B(aq)$$



            the concentration of A is just ten times smaller than that of B if $K = 10^4$, and this is also independent of diluting the solution. However, there is quite a bit of A compared to B, and it is a bit misleading to say the the concentration of A is almost zero.



            Both of these reactions had the same number of reactant species as product species (all in the same solution, so all equally affected by dilution).




            The more we dilute an acidic/basic solution, the more the reaction is "complete", the more the reactants disappear, but K stays the same.




            Here, "complete" would mean the absence of reactants, i.e. a reaction that goes to completion. Weak acids are defined by not completely dissociating, in contrast to strong acids. The general reaction for a weak acid is:



            $$ceAH(aq) <=> H+(aq) + A-(aq)$$



            Notice that there are more product particles than reactant particles. For those type of reactions, dilution favors the products. In fact, if $K = 10^-5$ for this reaction and all concentrations are $pu10^-5 M$, the reaction is at equilibrium. This means even though the equilibrium constant is much smaller than one, you still can have reactants and products at the same concentrations.



            On the other hand, if there are more reactant particles than product particles, dilution has the opposite effect. For a complex formation reaction between a metal M and a ligand L



            $$ceM(aq) + 4 L(aq) <=> ML4(aq)$$



            dilution will cause the complex to fall apart. If $K = 10^4$ and the free ligand concentration is one molar, there will be a lot of complex and very little free metal. On the other hand, if the free ligand concentration is one millimolar (0.001 M), there is hardly any complex and most of the metal will be in the form of the free metal.




            Why does the degree of dissociation change when we dilute a weak acid even though the equilibrium constant K is constant?




            As the examples above illustrated, this is because for these specific reactions, the sum of exponents for the products is higher than that of the reactants in the equilibrium constant expression. As you dilute, Q will decrease, and the reaction will go forward to reach K again. At infinite dilution, the product will be favored no matter what the value of the equilibrium constant is.



            If you want to have a general statement about what the value of K means, it would be something like "as K increases, the equilibrium concentration of products will increase and those of reactants will decrease".







            share|improve this answer














            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer








            edited 10 hours ago

























            answered 10 hours ago









            Karsten TheisKarsten Theis

            2,933535




            2,933535





















                5












                $begingroup$

                See my comment above.



                As a numerical example, take acetic acid ($ceAcOH$), which has $K_mathrma = 1.8 cdot 10^-5$.



                This means that:



                $$K_mathrma = frac[ceAcO-][ceH+][ceAcOH]$$



                And the total nominal concentration of acid is:



                $$C_mathrma = [ceAcOH] + [ceAcO-]$$



                Combining these two equations, you can see that the % of dissociated acid is:



                $$alpha = frac[ceAcO-]C_mathrma = fracK_mathrmaK_mathrma + [ceH+]$$



                i.e. not a constant, but a value that depends on the $mathrmpH$. So no, there is no need for the 'degree of completion' of the reaction to be a constant.



                You can even calculate the explicit concentrations of all the species.



                Given that:



                $$C_mathrma = left(frac1[ceH+] + frac1K_mathrmaright) cdot ( [ceH+]^2 - K_mathrmw^2)$$



                you can see that, for $mathrmpH = 5$ you need:



                $$C_mathrma = left(frac110^-5 + frac11.8 cdot 10^-5right) cdot left((10^-5)^2 - (10^-14)^2right) = 1.5554 cdot 10^-5$$



                Then:



                $$[ceAcOH] = fracC_mathrma cdot [ceH+]K_mathrma + [ceH+] = 5.555 cdot 10^-6$$



                $$[ceAcO-] = C_mathrma - [ceAcOH] = 9.999 cdot 10^-6$$



                So the % of dissociated $ceAcOH$ is:



                $$alpha = frac[ceAcO-]C_mathrma approx 64 %$$



                Now repeat for $mathrmpH = 3$:



                $$C_mathrma = left(frac110^-3 + frac11.8 cdot 10^-5right) cdot left((10^-3)^2 - (10^-14)^2right) approx 0.05656$$



                $$[ceAcOH] = fracC_mathrma cdot [ceH+]K_mathrma + [ceH+] approx 0.05556$$



                $$[ceAcO-] = C_mathrma - [ceAcOH] approx 0.001$$



                $$alpha = frac[ceAcO-]C_mathrma approx 1.8 %$$



                So you see, in a more dilute mixture the $mathrmpH$ is higher, and the dissociation reaction of acetic acid is 'more complete', whereas at higher concentration the pH is lower, and there is proportionally less acetate anion.



                All of these systems are at equilibrium.






                share|improve this answer











                $endgroup$

















                  5












                  $begingroup$

                  See my comment above.



                  As a numerical example, take acetic acid ($ceAcOH$), which has $K_mathrma = 1.8 cdot 10^-5$.



                  This means that:



                  $$K_mathrma = frac[ceAcO-][ceH+][ceAcOH]$$



                  And the total nominal concentration of acid is:



                  $$C_mathrma = [ceAcOH] + [ceAcO-]$$



                  Combining these two equations, you can see that the % of dissociated acid is:



                  $$alpha = frac[ceAcO-]C_mathrma = fracK_mathrmaK_mathrma + [ceH+]$$



                  i.e. not a constant, but a value that depends on the $mathrmpH$. So no, there is no need for the 'degree of completion' of the reaction to be a constant.



                  You can even calculate the explicit concentrations of all the species.



                  Given that:



                  $$C_mathrma = left(frac1[ceH+] + frac1K_mathrmaright) cdot ( [ceH+]^2 - K_mathrmw^2)$$



                  you can see that, for $mathrmpH = 5$ you need:



                  $$C_mathrma = left(frac110^-5 + frac11.8 cdot 10^-5right) cdot left((10^-5)^2 - (10^-14)^2right) = 1.5554 cdot 10^-5$$



                  Then:



                  $$[ceAcOH] = fracC_mathrma cdot [ceH+]K_mathrma + [ceH+] = 5.555 cdot 10^-6$$



                  $$[ceAcO-] = C_mathrma - [ceAcOH] = 9.999 cdot 10^-6$$



                  So the % of dissociated $ceAcOH$ is:



                  $$alpha = frac[ceAcO-]C_mathrma approx 64 %$$



                  Now repeat for $mathrmpH = 3$:



                  $$C_mathrma = left(frac110^-3 + frac11.8 cdot 10^-5right) cdot left((10^-3)^2 - (10^-14)^2right) approx 0.05656$$



                  $$[ceAcOH] = fracC_mathrma cdot [ceH+]K_mathrma + [ceH+] approx 0.05556$$



                  $$[ceAcO-] = C_mathrma - [ceAcOH] approx 0.001$$



                  $$alpha = frac[ceAcO-]C_mathrma approx 1.8 %$$



                  So you see, in a more dilute mixture the $mathrmpH$ is higher, and the dissociation reaction of acetic acid is 'more complete', whereas at higher concentration the pH is lower, and there is proportionally less acetate anion.



                  All of these systems are at equilibrium.






                  share|improve this answer











                  $endgroup$















                    5












                    5








                    5





                    $begingroup$

                    See my comment above.



                    As a numerical example, take acetic acid ($ceAcOH$), which has $K_mathrma = 1.8 cdot 10^-5$.



                    This means that:



                    $$K_mathrma = frac[ceAcO-][ceH+][ceAcOH]$$



                    And the total nominal concentration of acid is:



                    $$C_mathrma = [ceAcOH] + [ceAcO-]$$



                    Combining these two equations, you can see that the % of dissociated acid is:



                    $$alpha = frac[ceAcO-]C_mathrma = fracK_mathrmaK_mathrma + [ceH+]$$



                    i.e. not a constant, but a value that depends on the $mathrmpH$. So no, there is no need for the 'degree of completion' of the reaction to be a constant.



                    You can even calculate the explicit concentrations of all the species.



                    Given that:



                    $$C_mathrma = left(frac1[ceH+] + frac1K_mathrmaright) cdot ( [ceH+]^2 - K_mathrmw^2)$$



                    you can see that, for $mathrmpH = 5$ you need:



                    $$C_mathrma = left(frac110^-5 + frac11.8 cdot 10^-5right) cdot left((10^-5)^2 - (10^-14)^2right) = 1.5554 cdot 10^-5$$



                    Then:



                    $$[ceAcOH] = fracC_mathrma cdot [ceH+]K_mathrma + [ceH+] = 5.555 cdot 10^-6$$



                    $$[ceAcO-] = C_mathrma - [ceAcOH] = 9.999 cdot 10^-6$$



                    So the % of dissociated $ceAcOH$ is:



                    $$alpha = frac[ceAcO-]C_mathrma approx 64 %$$



                    Now repeat for $mathrmpH = 3$:



                    $$C_mathrma = left(frac110^-3 + frac11.8 cdot 10^-5right) cdot left((10^-3)^2 - (10^-14)^2right) approx 0.05656$$



                    $$[ceAcOH] = fracC_mathrma cdot [ceH+]K_mathrma + [ceH+] approx 0.05556$$



                    $$[ceAcO-] = C_mathrma - [ceAcOH] approx 0.001$$



                    $$alpha = frac[ceAcO-]C_mathrma approx 1.8 %$$



                    So you see, in a more dilute mixture the $mathrmpH$ is higher, and the dissociation reaction of acetic acid is 'more complete', whereas at higher concentration the pH is lower, and there is proportionally less acetate anion.



                    All of these systems are at equilibrium.






                    share|improve this answer











                    $endgroup$



                    See my comment above.



                    As a numerical example, take acetic acid ($ceAcOH$), which has $K_mathrma = 1.8 cdot 10^-5$.



                    This means that:



                    $$K_mathrma = frac[ceAcO-][ceH+][ceAcOH]$$



                    And the total nominal concentration of acid is:



                    $$C_mathrma = [ceAcOH] + [ceAcO-]$$



                    Combining these two equations, you can see that the % of dissociated acid is:



                    $$alpha = frac[ceAcO-]C_mathrma = fracK_mathrmaK_mathrma + [ceH+]$$



                    i.e. not a constant, but a value that depends on the $mathrmpH$. So no, there is no need for the 'degree of completion' of the reaction to be a constant.



                    You can even calculate the explicit concentrations of all the species.



                    Given that:



                    $$C_mathrma = left(frac1[ceH+] + frac1K_mathrmaright) cdot ( [ceH+]^2 - K_mathrmw^2)$$



                    you can see that, for $mathrmpH = 5$ you need:



                    $$C_mathrma = left(frac110^-5 + frac11.8 cdot 10^-5right) cdot left((10^-5)^2 - (10^-14)^2right) = 1.5554 cdot 10^-5$$



                    Then:



                    $$[ceAcOH] = fracC_mathrma cdot [ceH+]K_mathrma + [ceH+] = 5.555 cdot 10^-6$$



                    $$[ceAcO-] = C_mathrma - [ceAcOH] = 9.999 cdot 10^-6$$



                    So the % of dissociated $ceAcOH$ is:



                    $$alpha = frac[ceAcO-]C_mathrma approx 64 %$$



                    Now repeat for $mathrmpH = 3$:



                    $$C_mathrma = left(frac110^-3 + frac11.8 cdot 10^-5right) cdot left((10^-3)^2 - (10^-14)^2right) approx 0.05656$$



                    $$[ceAcOH] = fracC_mathrma cdot [ceH+]K_mathrma + [ceH+] approx 0.05556$$



                    $$[ceAcO-] = C_mathrma - [ceAcOH] approx 0.001$$



                    $$alpha = frac[ceAcO-]C_mathrma approx 1.8 %$$



                    So you see, in a more dilute mixture the $mathrmpH$ is higher, and the dissociation reaction of acetic acid is 'more complete', whereas at higher concentration the pH is lower, and there is proportionally less acetate anion.



                    All of these systems are at equilibrium.







                    share|improve this answer














                    share|improve this answer



                    share|improve this answer








                    edited 13 hours ago









                    andselisk

                    17.9k656117




                    17.9k656117










                    answered 14 hours ago









                    user6376297user6376297

                    33016




                    33016





















                        3












                        $begingroup$

                        $K$, the equilibrium constant, is independent of the composition of the system. It simply describes the preference of the system for reactants or products.



                        On the other hand, there is the reaction quotient, $Q$, which describes the position of the system relative to equilibrium. $Q$ is the value that is variable and that you adjust to be closer to $K$. Technically, $K$ can also be computed from the standard free energy change of the reaction, $Delta G ^circ$.



                        What's confusing is the $Q$ and $K$ are computed in the exact same way, with the sole difference that for $Q$, you plug in the values you have right now, and for $K$, you plug in the values at any equilibrium.



                        If $Q=K$, you are at equilibrium.



                        If $Q < K$, you need to push the reaction towards more products.



                        If $Q > K$, you need to push the reaction towards more reactants.



                        When you dilute a solution (or make other changes), you may change the value of $Q$, which may put you farther from equilibrium, but the opposite may also be true. It depends on the specific reaction and the form of the equilibrium expression.



                        EDIT:



                        Your confusion is because you're confusing $Q$ measured at different points in time. At the end of the reaction $t = infty$, $Q = K$. At the beginning of the reaction, $Q_0 < K$. Over time, as the reaction goes towards equilibrium, the value of $Q$ will get closer to $K$. If at the beginning of the reaction, you dilute the solution, you may get a different value of $Q$. If it's smaller, then you have farther to go to get to equilibrium. But again, this depends on the molecularity of the reaction.



                        $$ceA + B -> C$$



                        $$ceA -> C$$



                        $$ceA -> C + D$$



                        Here are three different reactions.



                        In the first reaction, at the beginning of the reaction, with $Q < K$, dilution pushes you towards equilibrium because reactant concentrations enter into the equilibrium expression twice.



                        $$Q = fracce[C]ce[A][B]$$



                        If you halve all three concentrations, the value of $Q$ will get bigger.



                        In a similar vein, the second equation is unaffected by dilution. In fact, at equilibrium, dilution preserves equilibrium.



                        And for reaction 3, dilution pushes you farther away from equilibrium.



                        For all three reactions, at the end of the reaction, you will have $Q = K$. But for reactions 1 and 3, dilution at equilibrium changes the value of $Q$ and the reaction will need to adjust again to reach equilibrium.






                        share|improve this answer











                        $endgroup$












                        • $begingroup$
                          "You may change the value of Q" the Q at the end of the diluted-solution's reaction? If so, then does that mean that if you dilute a solution to a certain point, Q stops going towards K? Also, If K is small (say smaller than 10⁴), can you dilute a solution to a certain concentration so that it's reaction is complete (α=1)? If not, then how can this saying be explained: "K is only affected by temperature and not the initial concentration of the reactants, while the 'advancement' of a reaction (α) is affected by both temperature and the initial concentration of the reactants"?
                          $endgroup$
                          – Elhamer Yacine
                          12 hours ago






                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          No, immediately after dilution. $Q$ will be $K$ at the end. You cannot dilute the reaction to completion. But it might get closer or farther depending on coefficients of the balanced reaction. I think you are confusing $K$ and $Q$. The first is constant. The latter is not.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Zhe
                          5 hours ago










                        • $begingroup$
                          Hmm, I think I'm having trouble wrapping my head around how can a diluted-reaction be closer to completion with Q at the end of that reaction still being the same as before
                          $endgroup$
                          – Elhamer Yacine
                          4 hours ago











                        • $begingroup$
                          Let me add an edit. I think that will help.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Zhe
                          3 hours ago















                        3












                        $begingroup$

                        $K$, the equilibrium constant, is independent of the composition of the system. It simply describes the preference of the system for reactants or products.



                        On the other hand, there is the reaction quotient, $Q$, which describes the position of the system relative to equilibrium. $Q$ is the value that is variable and that you adjust to be closer to $K$. Technically, $K$ can also be computed from the standard free energy change of the reaction, $Delta G ^circ$.



                        What's confusing is the $Q$ and $K$ are computed in the exact same way, with the sole difference that for $Q$, you plug in the values you have right now, and for $K$, you plug in the values at any equilibrium.



                        If $Q=K$, you are at equilibrium.



                        If $Q < K$, you need to push the reaction towards more products.



                        If $Q > K$, you need to push the reaction towards more reactants.



                        When you dilute a solution (or make other changes), you may change the value of $Q$, which may put you farther from equilibrium, but the opposite may also be true. It depends on the specific reaction and the form of the equilibrium expression.



                        EDIT:



                        Your confusion is because you're confusing $Q$ measured at different points in time. At the end of the reaction $t = infty$, $Q = K$. At the beginning of the reaction, $Q_0 < K$. Over time, as the reaction goes towards equilibrium, the value of $Q$ will get closer to $K$. If at the beginning of the reaction, you dilute the solution, you may get a different value of $Q$. If it's smaller, then you have farther to go to get to equilibrium. But again, this depends on the molecularity of the reaction.



                        $$ceA + B -> C$$



                        $$ceA -> C$$



                        $$ceA -> C + D$$



                        Here are three different reactions.



                        In the first reaction, at the beginning of the reaction, with $Q < K$, dilution pushes you towards equilibrium because reactant concentrations enter into the equilibrium expression twice.



                        $$Q = fracce[C]ce[A][B]$$



                        If you halve all three concentrations, the value of $Q$ will get bigger.



                        In a similar vein, the second equation is unaffected by dilution. In fact, at equilibrium, dilution preserves equilibrium.



                        And for reaction 3, dilution pushes you farther away from equilibrium.



                        For all three reactions, at the end of the reaction, you will have $Q = K$. But for reactions 1 and 3, dilution at equilibrium changes the value of $Q$ and the reaction will need to adjust again to reach equilibrium.






                        share|improve this answer











                        $endgroup$












                        • $begingroup$
                          "You may change the value of Q" the Q at the end of the diluted-solution's reaction? If so, then does that mean that if you dilute a solution to a certain point, Q stops going towards K? Also, If K is small (say smaller than 10⁴), can you dilute a solution to a certain concentration so that it's reaction is complete (α=1)? If not, then how can this saying be explained: "K is only affected by temperature and not the initial concentration of the reactants, while the 'advancement' of a reaction (α) is affected by both temperature and the initial concentration of the reactants"?
                          $endgroup$
                          – Elhamer Yacine
                          12 hours ago






                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          No, immediately after dilution. $Q$ will be $K$ at the end. You cannot dilute the reaction to completion. But it might get closer or farther depending on coefficients of the balanced reaction. I think you are confusing $K$ and $Q$. The first is constant. The latter is not.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Zhe
                          5 hours ago










                        • $begingroup$
                          Hmm, I think I'm having trouble wrapping my head around how can a diluted-reaction be closer to completion with Q at the end of that reaction still being the same as before
                          $endgroup$
                          – Elhamer Yacine
                          4 hours ago











                        • $begingroup$
                          Let me add an edit. I think that will help.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Zhe
                          3 hours ago













                        3












                        3








                        3





                        $begingroup$

                        $K$, the equilibrium constant, is independent of the composition of the system. It simply describes the preference of the system for reactants or products.



                        On the other hand, there is the reaction quotient, $Q$, which describes the position of the system relative to equilibrium. $Q$ is the value that is variable and that you adjust to be closer to $K$. Technically, $K$ can also be computed from the standard free energy change of the reaction, $Delta G ^circ$.



                        What's confusing is the $Q$ and $K$ are computed in the exact same way, with the sole difference that for $Q$, you plug in the values you have right now, and for $K$, you plug in the values at any equilibrium.



                        If $Q=K$, you are at equilibrium.



                        If $Q < K$, you need to push the reaction towards more products.



                        If $Q > K$, you need to push the reaction towards more reactants.



                        When you dilute a solution (or make other changes), you may change the value of $Q$, which may put you farther from equilibrium, but the opposite may also be true. It depends on the specific reaction and the form of the equilibrium expression.



                        EDIT:



                        Your confusion is because you're confusing $Q$ measured at different points in time. At the end of the reaction $t = infty$, $Q = K$. At the beginning of the reaction, $Q_0 < K$. Over time, as the reaction goes towards equilibrium, the value of $Q$ will get closer to $K$. If at the beginning of the reaction, you dilute the solution, you may get a different value of $Q$. If it's smaller, then you have farther to go to get to equilibrium. But again, this depends on the molecularity of the reaction.



                        $$ceA + B -> C$$



                        $$ceA -> C$$



                        $$ceA -> C + D$$



                        Here are three different reactions.



                        In the first reaction, at the beginning of the reaction, with $Q < K$, dilution pushes you towards equilibrium because reactant concentrations enter into the equilibrium expression twice.



                        $$Q = fracce[C]ce[A][B]$$



                        If you halve all three concentrations, the value of $Q$ will get bigger.



                        In a similar vein, the second equation is unaffected by dilution. In fact, at equilibrium, dilution preserves equilibrium.



                        And for reaction 3, dilution pushes you farther away from equilibrium.



                        For all three reactions, at the end of the reaction, you will have $Q = K$. But for reactions 1 and 3, dilution at equilibrium changes the value of $Q$ and the reaction will need to adjust again to reach equilibrium.






                        share|improve this answer











                        $endgroup$



                        $K$, the equilibrium constant, is independent of the composition of the system. It simply describes the preference of the system for reactants or products.



                        On the other hand, there is the reaction quotient, $Q$, which describes the position of the system relative to equilibrium. $Q$ is the value that is variable and that you adjust to be closer to $K$. Technically, $K$ can also be computed from the standard free energy change of the reaction, $Delta G ^circ$.



                        What's confusing is the $Q$ and $K$ are computed in the exact same way, with the sole difference that for $Q$, you plug in the values you have right now, and for $K$, you plug in the values at any equilibrium.



                        If $Q=K$, you are at equilibrium.



                        If $Q < K$, you need to push the reaction towards more products.



                        If $Q > K$, you need to push the reaction towards more reactants.



                        When you dilute a solution (or make other changes), you may change the value of $Q$, which may put you farther from equilibrium, but the opposite may also be true. It depends on the specific reaction and the form of the equilibrium expression.



                        EDIT:



                        Your confusion is because you're confusing $Q$ measured at different points in time. At the end of the reaction $t = infty$, $Q = K$. At the beginning of the reaction, $Q_0 < K$. Over time, as the reaction goes towards equilibrium, the value of $Q$ will get closer to $K$. If at the beginning of the reaction, you dilute the solution, you may get a different value of $Q$. If it's smaller, then you have farther to go to get to equilibrium. But again, this depends on the molecularity of the reaction.



                        $$ceA + B -> C$$



                        $$ceA -> C$$



                        $$ceA -> C + D$$



                        Here are three different reactions.



                        In the first reaction, at the beginning of the reaction, with $Q < K$, dilution pushes you towards equilibrium because reactant concentrations enter into the equilibrium expression twice.



                        $$Q = fracce[C]ce[A][B]$$



                        If you halve all three concentrations, the value of $Q$ will get bigger.



                        In a similar vein, the second equation is unaffected by dilution. In fact, at equilibrium, dilution preserves equilibrium.



                        And for reaction 3, dilution pushes you farther away from equilibrium.



                        For all three reactions, at the end of the reaction, you will have $Q = K$. But for reactions 1 and 3, dilution at equilibrium changes the value of $Q$ and the reaction will need to adjust again to reach equilibrium.







                        share|improve this answer














                        share|improve this answer



                        share|improve this answer








                        edited 3 hours ago

























                        answered 13 hours ago









                        ZheZhe

                        13k12650




                        13k12650











                        • $begingroup$
                          "You may change the value of Q" the Q at the end of the diluted-solution's reaction? If so, then does that mean that if you dilute a solution to a certain point, Q stops going towards K? Also, If K is small (say smaller than 10⁴), can you dilute a solution to a certain concentration so that it's reaction is complete (α=1)? If not, then how can this saying be explained: "K is only affected by temperature and not the initial concentration of the reactants, while the 'advancement' of a reaction (α) is affected by both temperature and the initial concentration of the reactants"?
                          $endgroup$
                          – Elhamer Yacine
                          12 hours ago






                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          No, immediately after dilution. $Q$ will be $K$ at the end. You cannot dilute the reaction to completion. But it might get closer or farther depending on coefficients of the balanced reaction. I think you are confusing $K$ and $Q$. The first is constant. The latter is not.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Zhe
                          5 hours ago










                        • $begingroup$
                          Hmm, I think I'm having trouble wrapping my head around how can a diluted-reaction be closer to completion with Q at the end of that reaction still being the same as before
                          $endgroup$
                          – Elhamer Yacine
                          4 hours ago











                        • $begingroup$
                          Let me add an edit. I think that will help.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Zhe
                          3 hours ago
















                        • $begingroup$
                          "You may change the value of Q" the Q at the end of the diluted-solution's reaction? If so, then does that mean that if you dilute a solution to a certain point, Q stops going towards K? Also, If K is small (say smaller than 10⁴), can you dilute a solution to a certain concentration so that it's reaction is complete (α=1)? If not, then how can this saying be explained: "K is only affected by temperature and not the initial concentration of the reactants, while the 'advancement' of a reaction (α) is affected by both temperature and the initial concentration of the reactants"?
                          $endgroup$
                          – Elhamer Yacine
                          12 hours ago






                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          No, immediately after dilution. $Q$ will be $K$ at the end. You cannot dilute the reaction to completion. But it might get closer or farther depending on coefficients of the balanced reaction. I think you are confusing $K$ and $Q$. The first is constant. The latter is not.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Zhe
                          5 hours ago










                        • $begingroup$
                          Hmm, I think I'm having trouble wrapping my head around how can a diluted-reaction be closer to completion with Q at the end of that reaction still being the same as before
                          $endgroup$
                          – Elhamer Yacine
                          4 hours ago











                        • $begingroup$
                          Let me add an edit. I think that will help.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Zhe
                          3 hours ago















                        $begingroup$
                        "You may change the value of Q" the Q at the end of the diluted-solution's reaction? If so, then does that mean that if you dilute a solution to a certain point, Q stops going towards K? Also, If K is small (say smaller than 10⁴), can you dilute a solution to a certain concentration so that it's reaction is complete (α=1)? If not, then how can this saying be explained: "K is only affected by temperature and not the initial concentration of the reactants, while the 'advancement' of a reaction (α) is affected by both temperature and the initial concentration of the reactants"?
                        $endgroup$
                        – Elhamer Yacine
                        12 hours ago




                        $begingroup$
                        "You may change the value of Q" the Q at the end of the diluted-solution's reaction? If so, then does that mean that if you dilute a solution to a certain point, Q stops going towards K? Also, If K is small (say smaller than 10⁴), can you dilute a solution to a certain concentration so that it's reaction is complete (α=1)? If not, then how can this saying be explained: "K is only affected by temperature and not the initial concentration of the reactants, while the 'advancement' of a reaction (α) is affected by both temperature and the initial concentration of the reactants"?
                        $endgroup$
                        – Elhamer Yacine
                        12 hours ago




                        1




                        1




                        $begingroup$
                        No, immediately after dilution. $Q$ will be $K$ at the end. You cannot dilute the reaction to completion. But it might get closer or farther depending on coefficients of the balanced reaction. I think you are confusing $K$ and $Q$. The first is constant. The latter is not.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Zhe
                        5 hours ago




                        $begingroup$
                        No, immediately after dilution. $Q$ will be $K$ at the end. You cannot dilute the reaction to completion. But it might get closer or farther depending on coefficients of the balanced reaction. I think you are confusing $K$ and $Q$. The first is constant. The latter is not.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Zhe
                        5 hours ago












                        $begingroup$
                        Hmm, I think I'm having trouble wrapping my head around how can a diluted-reaction be closer to completion with Q at the end of that reaction still being the same as before
                        $endgroup$
                        – Elhamer Yacine
                        4 hours ago





                        $begingroup$
                        Hmm, I think I'm having trouble wrapping my head around how can a diluted-reaction be closer to completion with Q at the end of that reaction still being the same as before
                        $endgroup$
                        – Elhamer Yacine
                        4 hours ago













                        $begingroup$
                        Let me add an edit. I think that will help.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Zhe
                        3 hours ago




                        $begingroup$
                        Let me add an edit. I think that will help.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Zhe
                        3 hours ago











                        0












                        $begingroup$

                        A really handwavy explanation would be that the system, attempting to maximize its entropy, will prefer dissociated states as the system dilutes since there will be an increasing number of microscopic configurations with atoms $A$ and $B$ far apart (i.e. molecule $AB$ dissociated) as opposed to close together (i.e. atoms $A$ and $B$ bound together into molecule $AB$).






                        share|improve this answer








                        New contributor




                        creillyucla is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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                        $endgroup$

















                          0












                          $begingroup$

                          A really handwavy explanation would be that the system, attempting to maximize its entropy, will prefer dissociated states as the system dilutes since there will be an increasing number of microscopic configurations with atoms $A$ and $B$ far apart (i.e. molecule $AB$ dissociated) as opposed to close together (i.e. atoms $A$ and $B$ bound together into molecule $AB$).






                          share|improve this answer








                          New contributor




                          creillyucla is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                          Check out our Code of Conduct.






                          $endgroup$















                            0












                            0








                            0





                            $begingroup$

                            A really handwavy explanation would be that the system, attempting to maximize its entropy, will prefer dissociated states as the system dilutes since there will be an increasing number of microscopic configurations with atoms $A$ and $B$ far apart (i.e. molecule $AB$ dissociated) as opposed to close together (i.e. atoms $A$ and $B$ bound together into molecule $AB$).






                            share|improve this answer








                            New contributor




                            creillyucla is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                            Check out our Code of Conduct.






                            $endgroup$



                            A really handwavy explanation would be that the system, attempting to maximize its entropy, will prefer dissociated states as the system dilutes since there will be an increasing number of microscopic configurations with atoms $A$ and $B$ far apart (i.e. molecule $AB$ dissociated) as opposed to close together (i.e. atoms $A$ and $B$ bound together into molecule $AB$).







                            share|improve this answer








                            New contributor




                            creillyucla is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                            Check out our Code of Conduct.









                            share|improve this answer



                            share|improve this answer






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                            answered 6 hours ago









                            creillyuclacreillyucla

                            1194




                            1194




                            New contributor




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                            creillyucla is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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                            creillyucla is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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