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What exactly is the parasitic white layer that forms after iron parts are treated with ammonia?


Chemically removing rust without leaving any unwanted residuesAre there any safety guidelines for mixing sulfate with chloride?Propose a chemical formula for the white solid that forms during the initial stages of the reaction of Sn with benzyl chlorideDetermining the mass of sodium sulfate that forms when reacting sulfuric acid with sodium hydroxideWhat reactions does this steel cold-bluing solution undergo?What exactly is the use of photographic films in cameras? How are the pictures generated?Is it possible create crystalline solvate of electrons?What are the factors that affect the redox reactions?Citric acid rust removal and neutralizationwhat happened after the addition of NaOH into iron(III) chloride with sodium fluoride













1












$begingroup$


I have little to do with chemistry and my only background is the inorganic chemistry I learned at school when I was 13-14 years old.



I need to have a basic understanding of the nitrating process (for an automation engineering application, more precisely an automated furnace used for nitrating iron or steels parts with the purpose of improving their mechanical and chemical properties).



A few things are not so clear for me:



1) What is the chemical formula of the iron lattice mixed with nitrogen atoms (see the picture)?



2) What is the unwanted white layer that I understand forms on the surface of the metal part treated with dissociated ammonia?



3) What is this dissociated ammonia?



Gas nitriding



Gas nitriding










share|improve this question









New contributor




Robert Werner is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.







$endgroup$











  • $begingroup$
    (1) Natrium is the Latin name for sodium, hence the elemental symbol Na. (2) What "white layer"? -- Do you mean the iron atoms that are shown as white circles?
    $endgroup$
    – MaxW
    10 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Nitrogen, sorry! The "white layer" is not shown in the picture.
    $endgroup$
    – Robert Werner
    8 hours ago















1












$begingroup$


I have little to do with chemistry and my only background is the inorganic chemistry I learned at school when I was 13-14 years old.



I need to have a basic understanding of the nitrating process (for an automation engineering application, more precisely an automated furnace used for nitrating iron or steels parts with the purpose of improving their mechanical and chemical properties).



A few things are not so clear for me:



1) What is the chemical formula of the iron lattice mixed with nitrogen atoms (see the picture)?



2) What is the unwanted white layer that I understand forms on the surface of the metal part treated with dissociated ammonia?



3) What is this dissociated ammonia?



Gas nitriding



Gas nitriding










share|improve this question









New contributor




Robert Werner is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.







$endgroup$











  • $begingroup$
    (1) Natrium is the Latin name for sodium, hence the elemental symbol Na. (2) What "white layer"? -- Do you mean the iron atoms that are shown as white circles?
    $endgroup$
    – MaxW
    10 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Nitrogen, sorry! The "white layer" is not shown in the picture.
    $endgroup$
    – Robert Werner
    8 hours ago













1












1








1





$begingroup$


I have little to do with chemistry and my only background is the inorganic chemistry I learned at school when I was 13-14 years old.



I need to have a basic understanding of the nitrating process (for an automation engineering application, more precisely an automated furnace used for nitrating iron or steels parts with the purpose of improving their mechanical and chemical properties).



A few things are not so clear for me:



1) What is the chemical formula of the iron lattice mixed with nitrogen atoms (see the picture)?



2) What is the unwanted white layer that I understand forms on the surface of the metal part treated with dissociated ammonia?



3) What is this dissociated ammonia?



Gas nitriding



Gas nitriding










share|improve this question









New contributor




Robert Werner is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.







$endgroup$




I have little to do with chemistry and my only background is the inorganic chemistry I learned at school when I was 13-14 years old.



I need to have a basic understanding of the nitrating process (for an automation engineering application, more precisely an automated furnace used for nitrating iron or steels parts with the purpose of improving their mechanical and chemical properties).



A few things are not so clear for me:



1) What is the chemical formula of the iron lattice mixed with nitrogen atoms (see the picture)?



2) What is the unwanted white layer that I understand forms on the surface of the metal part treated with dissociated ammonia?



3) What is this dissociated ammonia?



Gas nitriding



Gas nitriding







inorganic-chemistry






share|improve this question









New contributor




Robert Werner is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











share|improve this question









New contributor




Robert Werner is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 8 hours ago







Robert Werner













New contributor




Robert Werner is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









asked 10 hours ago









Robert WernerRobert Werner

1063




1063




New contributor




Robert Werner is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.





New contributor





Robert Werner is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






Robert Werner is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











  • $begingroup$
    (1) Natrium is the Latin name for sodium, hence the elemental symbol Na. (2) What "white layer"? -- Do you mean the iron atoms that are shown as white circles?
    $endgroup$
    – MaxW
    10 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Nitrogen, sorry! The "white layer" is not shown in the picture.
    $endgroup$
    – Robert Werner
    8 hours ago
















  • $begingroup$
    (1) Natrium is the Latin name for sodium, hence the elemental symbol Na. (2) What "white layer"? -- Do you mean the iron atoms that are shown as white circles?
    $endgroup$
    – MaxW
    10 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Nitrogen, sorry! The "white layer" is not shown in the picture.
    $endgroup$
    – Robert Werner
    8 hours ago















$begingroup$
(1) Natrium is the Latin name for sodium, hence the elemental symbol Na. (2) What "white layer"? -- Do you mean the iron atoms that are shown as white circles?
$endgroup$
– MaxW
10 hours ago




$begingroup$
(1) Natrium is the Latin name for sodium, hence the elemental symbol Na. (2) What "white layer"? -- Do you mean the iron atoms that are shown as white circles?
$endgroup$
– MaxW
10 hours ago












$begingroup$
Nitrogen, sorry! The "white layer" is not shown in the picture.
$endgroup$
– Robert Werner
8 hours ago




$begingroup$
Nitrogen, sorry! The "white layer" is not shown in the picture.
$endgroup$
– Robert Werner
8 hours ago










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















4












$begingroup$

Steels are nitrided in ammonia gas at 900 to 1050 F ; It forms a very hard , very thin ( < 0.01 ") hard layer of iron nitride . An addition of aluminum alloy to the steel ( 0.5 to 1.0 % ) enhances the nitriding. Nitriding is applied typically to cutting tools like drill bits and wearing surfaces. At higher temperatures "carbo-nitriding " is done where C and N are diffused into the steel surface. The "white layer" is something seen in a metallographic sample at high magnification -100 x and higher. It is undesirable and apparently unidentified as the ASM handbooks refer to it as only "white layer" ; they give procedures to remove it if necessary . The white layer should be thin , even compared to a 0.005 " thick layer of nitride. Plain ammonia or dissociated ammonia may be used with slightly different procedures.






share|improve this answer











$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    ah... yes. I overlooked the "cation" Gas nitriding in the OP's post. So the picture is for creating a layer of iron nitride, not using Fe as a catalysts in reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen to make ammonia.
    $endgroup$
    – MaxW
    7 hours ago











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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









4












$begingroup$

Steels are nitrided in ammonia gas at 900 to 1050 F ; It forms a very hard , very thin ( < 0.01 ") hard layer of iron nitride . An addition of aluminum alloy to the steel ( 0.5 to 1.0 % ) enhances the nitriding. Nitriding is applied typically to cutting tools like drill bits and wearing surfaces. At higher temperatures "carbo-nitriding " is done where C and N are diffused into the steel surface. The "white layer" is something seen in a metallographic sample at high magnification -100 x and higher. It is undesirable and apparently unidentified as the ASM handbooks refer to it as only "white layer" ; they give procedures to remove it if necessary . The white layer should be thin , even compared to a 0.005 " thick layer of nitride. Plain ammonia or dissociated ammonia may be used with slightly different procedures.






share|improve this answer











$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    ah... yes. I overlooked the "cation" Gas nitriding in the OP's post. So the picture is for creating a layer of iron nitride, not using Fe as a catalysts in reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen to make ammonia.
    $endgroup$
    – MaxW
    7 hours ago















4












$begingroup$

Steels are nitrided in ammonia gas at 900 to 1050 F ; It forms a very hard , very thin ( < 0.01 ") hard layer of iron nitride . An addition of aluminum alloy to the steel ( 0.5 to 1.0 % ) enhances the nitriding. Nitriding is applied typically to cutting tools like drill bits and wearing surfaces. At higher temperatures "carbo-nitriding " is done where C and N are diffused into the steel surface. The "white layer" is something seen in a metallographic sample at high magnification -100 x and higher. It is undesirable and apparently unidentified as the ASM handbooks refer to it as only "white layer" ; they give procedures to remove it if necessary . The white layer should be thin , even compared to a 0.005 " thick layer of nitride. Plain ammonia or dissociated ammonia may be used with slightly different procedures.






share|improve this answer











$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    ah... yes. I overlooked the "cation" Gas nitriding in the OP's post. So the picture is for creating a layer of iron nitride, not using Fe as a catalysts in reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen to make ammonia.
    $endgroup$
    – MaxW
    7 hours ago













4












4








4





$begingroup$

Steels are nitrided in ammonia gas at 900 to 1050 F ; It forms a very hard , very thin ( < 0.01 ") hard layer of iron nitride . An addition of aluminum alloy to the steel ( 0.5 to 1.0 % ) enhances the nitriding. Nitriding is applied typically to cutting tools like drill bits and wearing surfaces. At higher temperatures "carbo-nitriding " is done where C and N are diffused into the steel surface. The "white layer" is something seen in a metallographic sample at high magnification -100 x and higher. It is undesirable and apparently unidentified as the ASM handbooks refer to it as only "white layer" ; they give procedures to remove it if necessary . The white layer should be thin , even compared to a 0.005 " thick layer of nitride. Plain ammonia or dissociated ammonia may be used with slightly different procedures.






share|improve this answer











$endgroup$



Steels are nitrided in ammonia gas at 900 to 1050 F ; It forms a very hard , very thin ( < 0.01 ") hard layer of iron nitride . An addition of aluminum alloy to the steel ( 0.5 to 1.0 % ) enhances the nitriding. Nitriding is applied typically to cutting tools like drill bits and wearing surfaces. At higher temperatures "carbo-nitriding " is done where C and N are diffused into the steel surface. The "white layer" is something seen in a metallographic sample at high magnification -100 x and higher. It is undesirable and apparently unidentified as the ASM handbooks refer to it as only "white layer" ; they give procedures to remove it if necessary . The white layer should be thin , even compared to a 0.005 " thick layer of nitride. Plain ammonia or dissociated ammonia may be used with slightly different procedures.







share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited 7 hours ago

























answered 8 hours ago









blacksmith37blacksmith37

74018




74018







  • 1




    $begingroup$
    ah... yes. I overlooked the "cation" Gas nitriding in the OP's post. So the picture is for creating a layer of iron nitride, not using Fe as a catalysts in reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen to make ammonia.
    $endgroup$
    – MaxW
    7 hours ago












  • 1




    $begingroup$
    ah... yes. I overlooked the "cation" Gas nitriding in the OP's post. So the picture is for creating a layer of iron nitride, not using Fe as a catalysts in reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen to make ammonia.
    $endgroup$
    – MaxW
    7 hours ago







1




1




$begingroup$
ah... yes. I overlooked the "cation" Gas nitriding in the OP's post. So the picture is for creating a layer of iron nitride, not using Fe as a catalysts in reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen to make ammonia.
$endgroup$
– MaxW
7 hours ago




$begingroup$
ah... yes. I overlooked the "cation" Gas nitriding in the OP's post. So the picture is for creating a layer of iron nitride, not using Fe as a catalysts in reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen to make ammonia.
$endgroup$
– MaxW
7 hours ago










Robert Werner is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.









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Robert Werner is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.











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ValueError: Expected n_neighbors <= n_samples, but n_samples = 1, n_neighbors = 6 (SMOTE) The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InCan SMOTE be applied over sequence of words (sentences)?ValueError when doing validation with random forestsSMOTE and multi class oversamplingLogic behind SMOTE-NC?ValueError: Error when checking target: expected dense_1 to have shape (7,) but got array with shape (1,)SmoteBoost: Should SMOTE be ran individually for each iteration/tree in the boosting?solving multi-class imbalance classification using smote and OSSUsing SMOTE for Synthetic Data generation to improve performance on unbalanced dataproblem of entry format for a simple model in KerasSVM SMOTE fit_resample() function runs forever with no result