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How was Skylab's orbit inclination chosen?



The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InEarly high-inclination crewed flightsHow exactly does the inclination and direction (specifically retrograde) of orbit affect the velocity I need to attain orbit?Could the Hubble HST be saved by docking with the ISS?How risky is launching a rocket during a geomagnetic and solar radiation storm?Why was Skylab allowed to fall, instead of being pushed into a higher orbit and preserved for the future?Early high-inclination crewed flightsSpace rocket payload by inclinationWhat would have been the absolute maximum LEO payload of a two-stage Saturn V?Why was this Saturn rocket elevated for launch?Is there a significant difference between launching a polar orbit mission south from New Zealand versus launching it north?How was the Skylab Rescue mission supposed to return 5 astronauts?










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$begingroup$


As referenced in this question, there were a number of early spaceflight missions at higher inclination than may be expected (given limited payload capability, higher inclination further limits payload to orbit).



Skylab was launched from KSC (approx. 28.5 degrees N latitude); the maximum payload to orbit should be achieved with an inclination almost exactly equal to the latitude. So how/why did "they" choose to put Skylab into a much higher inclination orbit?










share|improve this question









$endgroup$
















    8












    $begingroup$


    As referenced in this question, there were a number of early spaceflight missions at higher inclination than may be expected (given limited payload capability, higher inclination further limits payload to orbit).



    Skylab was launched from KSC (approx. 28.5 degrees N latitude); the maximum payload to orbit should be achieved with an inclination almost exactly equal to the latitude. So how/why did "they" choose to put Skylab into a much higher inclination orbit?










    share|improve this question









    $endgroup$














      8












      8








      8





      $begingroup$


      As referenced in this question, there were a number of early spaceflight missions at higher inclination than may be expected (given limited payload capability, higher inclination further limits payload to orbit).



      Skylab was launched from KSC (approx. 28.5 degrees N latitude); the maximum payload to orbit should be achieved with an inclination almost exactly equal to the latitude. So how/why did "they" choose to put Skylab into a much higher inclination orbit?










      share|improve this question









      $endgroup$




      As referenced in this question, there were a number of early spaceflight missions at higher inclination than may be expected (given limited payload capability, higher inclination further limits payload to orbit).



      Skylab was launched from KSC (approx. 28.5 degrees N latitude); the maximum payload to orbit should be achieved with an inclination almost exactly equal to the latitude. So how/why did "they" choose to put Skylab into a much higher inclination orbit?







      crewed-spaceflight low-earth-orbit skylab






      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question











      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question










      asked 12 hours ago









      costromcostrom

      4011317




      4011317




















          1 Answer
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          16












          $begingroup$

          Skylab's science experiments included Earth surface observations, and the higher inclination orbit allowed more surface to be viewed. Per Living and Working In Space: The NASA History of Skylab:




          The requirements of the earth-resource experiments caused major changes to mission plans. Primary among these was an increase in orbital inclination to 50º. Skylab would now go as far north as Vancouver, Winnipeg, Bastogne, Frankfurt am Main, Kharkov, Mongolia, and Sakhalin Island north of Japan. To the south, Skylab would pass over all of Australia and Africa and most of South America, except Tierra del Fuego. Three fourths of the earth's surface would lie under Skylab's path, the area where 90% of its population lives and 80% of its food is produced.




          This diagram from the book dramatically illustrates the coverage at 50º inclination. For comparison, I've added a blue shaded area illustrating the coverage obtained by an approximately 28º inclination max-payload-from-Cape orbit; it's particularly striking that almost none of the US is covered at that inclination.



          enter image description here






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$








          • 2




            $begingroup$
            Nice edit! Really shows the difference.
            $endgroup$
            – Organic Marble
            11 hours ago











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          16












          $begingroup$

          Skylab's science experiments included Earth surface observations, and the higher inclination orbit allowed more surface to be viewed. Per Living and Working In Space: The NASA History of Skylab:




          The requirements of the earth-resource experiments caused major changes to mission plans. Primary among these was an increase in orbital inclination to 50º. Skylab would now go as far north as Vancouver, Winnipeg, Bastogne, Frankfurt am Main, Kharkov, Mongolia, and Sakhalin Island north of Japan. To the south, Skylab would pass over all of Australia and Africa and most of South America, except Tierra del Fuego. Three fourths of the earth's surface would lie under Skylab's path, the area where 90% of its population lives and 80% of its food is produced.




          This diagram from the book dramatically illustrates the coverage at 50º inclination. For comparison, I've added a blue shaded area illustrating the coverage obtained by an approximately 28º inclination max-payload-from-Cape orbit; it's particularly striking that almost none of the US is covered at that inclination.



          enter image description here






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$








          • 2




            $begingroup$
            Nice edit! Really shows the difference.
            $endgroup$
            – Organic Marble
            11 hours ago















          16












          $begingroup$

          Skylab's science experiments included Earth surface observations, and the higher inclination orbit allowed more surface to be viewed. Per Living and Working In Space: The NASA History of Skylab:




          The requirements of the earth-resource experiments caused major changes to mission plans. Primary among these was an increase in orbital inclination to 50º. Skylab would now go as far north as Vancouver, Winnipeg, Bastogne, Frankfurt am Main, Kharkov, Mongolia, and Sakhalin Island north of Japan. To the south, Skylab would pass over all of Australia and Africa and most of South America, except Tierra del Fuego. Three fourths of the earth's surface would lie under Skylab's path, the area where 90% of its population lives and 80% of its food is produced.




          This diagram from the book dramatically illustrates the coverage at 50º inclination. For comparison, I've added a blue shaded area illustrating the coverage obtained by an approximately 28º inclination max-payload-from-Cape orbit; it's particularly striking that almost none of the US is covered at that inclination.



          enter image description here






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$








          • 2




            $begingroup$
            Nice edit! Really shows the difference.
            $endgroup$
            – Organic Marble
            11 hours ago













          16












          16








          16





          $begingroup$

          Skylab's science experiments included Earth surface observations, and the higher inclination orbit allowed more surface to be viewed. Per Living and Working In Space: The NASA History of Skylab:




          The requirements of the earth-resource experiments caused major changes to mission plans. Primary among these was an increase in orbital inclination to 50º. Skylab would now go as far north as Vancouver, Winnipeg, Bastogne, Frankfurt am Main, Kharkov, Mongolia, and Sakhalin Island north of Japan. To the south, Skylab would pass over all of Australia and Africa and most of South America, except Tierra del Fuego. Three fourths of the earth's surface would lie under Skylab's path, the area where 90% of its population lives and 80% of its food is produced.




          This diagram from the book dramatically illustrates the coverage at 50º inclination. For comparison, I've added a blue shaded area illustrating the coverage obtained by an approximately 28º inclination max-payload-from-Cape orbit; it's particularly striking that almost none of the US is covered at that inclination.



          enter image description here






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$



          Skylab's science experiments included Earth surface observations, and the higher inclination orbit allowed more surface to be viewed. Per Living and Working In Space: The NASA History of Skylab:




          The requirements of the earth-resource experiments caused major changes to mission plans. Primary among these was an increase in orbital inclination to 50º. Skylab would now go as far north as Vancouver, Winnipeg, Bastogne, Frankfurt am Main, Kharkov, Mongolia, and Sakhalin Island north of Japan. To the south, Skylab would pass over all of Australia and Africa and most of South America, except Tierra del Fuego. Three fourths of the earth's surface would lie under Skylab's path, the area where 90% of its population lives and 80% of its food is produced.




          This diagram from the book dramatically illustrates the coverage at 50º inclination. For comparison, I've added a blue shaded area illustrating the coverage obtained by an approximately 28º inclination max-payload-from-Cape orbit; it's particularly striking that almost none of the US is covered at that inclination.



          enter image description here







          share|improve this answer














          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer








          edited 11 hours ago

























          answered 12 hours ago









          Russell BorogoveRussell Borogove

          88.9k3298383




          88.9k3298383







          • 2




            $begingroup$
            Nice edit! Really shows the difference.
            $endgroup$
            – Organic Marble
            11 hours ago












          • 2




            $begingroup$
            Nice edit! Really shows the difference.
            $endgroup$
            – Organic Marble
            11 hours ago







          2




          2




          $begingroup$
          Nice edit! Really shows the difference.
          $endgroup$
          – Organic Marble
          11 hours ago




          $begingroup$
          Nice edit! Really shows the difference.
          $endgroup$
          – Organic Marble
          11 hours ago

















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          ValueError: Expected n_neighbors <= n_samples, but n_samples = 1, n_neighbors = 6 (SMOTE) The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InCan SMOTE be applied over sequence of words (sentences)?ValueError when doing validation with random forestsSMOTE and multi class oversamplingLogic behind SMOTE-NC?ValueError: Error when checking target: expected dense_1 to have shape (7,) but got array with shape (1,)SmoteBoost: Should SMOTE be ran individually for each iteration/tree in the boosting?solving multi-class imbalance classification using smote and OSSUsing SMOTE for Synthetic Data generation to improve performance on unbalanced dataproblem of entry format for a simple model in KerasSVM SMOTE fit_resample() function runs forever with no result