What are the out-of-universe reasons for the references to Toby Maguire-era Spider-Man in ITSV Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern) Latest Blog Post: Highlights from 2019 – 1st Quarter Favorite questions and answers from first quarter of 2019What are the differences between Spider-man and Ultimate Spider-man?Were there any Franz Kafka references in The Amazing Spider-Man 2?Are there any stories where a Spider-Man with organic webbing runs out of webbing?In the prequel, “I Did NOT Give That Spider Superhuman Intelligence!”, what are the references to future events and characters?Were the Damage Control references in Spider-Man: Homecoming related to the proposed TV show?What are Spider-Man's goggles for?What's the in-universe relevance for the name of Spider-Man: Homecoming?Has Spider-Man ever run out of webs?Which dimensions from Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse exist in other works?What “little guys” is Spider-Man referring to?

bold in theorem

What is this building called? (It was built in 2002)

Trademark violation for app?

Has negative voting ever been officially implemented in elections, or seriously proposed, or even studied?

Can you shove before Attacking with Shield Master using a Readied action?

Can an alien society believe that their star system is the universe?

For a new assistant professor in CS, how to build/manage a publication pipeline

What would be the ideal power source for a cybernetic eye?

How do I stop a creek from eroding my steep embankment?

If my PI received research grants from a company to be able to pay my postdoc salary, did I have a potential conflict interest too?

When coming out of haste, do attackers have advantage on you?

Irreducible of finite Krull dimension implies quasi-compact?

What is the escape velocity of a neutron particle (not neutron star)

First console to have temporary backward compatibility

Dating a Former Employee

How to convince students of the implication truth values?

Denied boarding although I have proper visa and documentation. To whom should I make a complaint?

Why do the resolve message appear first?

Can a new player join a group only when a new campaign starts?

Can a party unilaterally change candidates in preparation for a General election?

How to answer "Have you ever been terminated?"

Should I use a zero-interest credit card for a large one-time purchase?

Why aren't air breathing engines used as small first stages

Is safe to use va_start macro with this as parameter?



What are the out-of-universe reasons for the references to Toby Maguire-era Spider-Man in ITSV



Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara
Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern)
Latest Blog Post: Highlights from 2019 – 1st Quarter
Favorite questions and answers from first quarter of 2019What are the differences between Spider-man and Ultimate Spider-man?Were there any Franz Kafka references in The Amazing Spider-Man 2?Are there any stories where a Spider-Man with organic webbing runs out of webbing?In the prequel, “I Did NOT Give That Spider Superhuman Intelligence!”, what are the references to future events and characters?Were the Damage Control references in Spider-Man: Homecoming related to the proposed TV show?What are Spider-Man's goggles for?What's the in-universe relevance for the name of Spider-Man: Homecoming?Has Spider-Man ever run out of webs?Which dimensions from Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse exist in other works?What “little guys” is Spider-Man referring to?



.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;








4















We see numerous iconic scenes directly lifted from the Tobey Maguire-era Spider-Man films in Spider-Man: Into the Spiderverse, such as:




- the upside-down Kisten Dunst kiss
- stopping a train
- cool Tobey emerging from a New York building and busting a move down the street




etc.



What are in out-of-universe reasons (rights, story-telling, fan-service etc.) for the inclusion of this era and not the eras of Andrew Garfield or Tom Holland?










share|improve this question



















  • 1





    What exactly are you looking for in terms of an answer? A quote from somebody involved with the movie saying why they included specific scenes?

    – Anthony Grist
    5 hours ago






  • 2





    other than it being awesome?

    – DJ Spicy Deluxe-Levi
    5 hours ago











  • @AnthonyGrist: Yes, often there is behind-the-scenes commentary on this sort of thing, from interviews or Twitter or what have you.

    – ThePopMachine
    5 hours ago












  • @DJSpicyDeluxe-Levi: It is. Someone made a decision and the question is, What informed that decision?

    – ThePopMachine
    5 hours ago






  • 3





    And they did have at least one Holland scene, holding together the two halves of the boat.

    – FuzzyBoots
    4 hours ago

















4















We see numerous iconic scenes directly lifted from the Tobey Maguire-era Spider-Man films in Spider-Man: Into the Spiderverse, such as:




- the upside-down Kisten Dunst kiss
- stopping a train
- cool Tobey emerging from a New York building and busting a move down the street




etc.



What are in out-of-universe reasons (rights, story-telling, fan-service etc.) for the inclusion of this era and not the eras of Andrew Garfield or Tom Holland?










share|improve this question



















  • 1





    What exactly are you looking for in terms of an answer? A quote from somebody involved with the movie saying why they included specific scenes?

    – Anthony Grist
    5 hours ago






  • 2





    other than it being awesome?

    – DJ Spicy Deluxe-Levi
    5 hours ago











  • @AnthonyGrist: Yes, often there is behind-the-scenes commentary on this sort of thing, from interviews or Twitter or what have you.

    – ThePopMachine
    5 hours ago












  • @DJSpicyDeluxe-Levi: It is. Someone made a decision and the question is, What informed that decision?

    – ThePopMachine
    5 hours ago






  • 3





    And they did have at least one Holland scene, holding together the two halves of the boat.

    – FuzzyBoots
    4 hours ago













4












4








4








We see numerous iconic scenes directly lifted from the Tobey Maguire-era Spider-Man films in Spider-Man: Into the Spiderverse, such as:




- the upside-down Kisten Dunst kiss
- stopping a train
- cool Tobey emerging from a New York building and busting a move down the street




etc.



What are in out-of-universe reasons (rights, story-telling, fan-service etc.) for the inclusion of this era and not the eras of Andrew Garfield or Tom Holland?










share|improve this question
















We see numerous iconic scenes directly lifted from the Tobey Maguire-era Spider-Man films in Spider-Man: Into the Spiderverse, such as:




- the upside-down Kisten Dunst kiss
- stopping a train
- cool Tobey emerging from a New York building and busting a move down the street




etc.



What are in out-of-universe reasons (rights, story-telling, fan-service etc.) for the inclusion of this era and not the eras of Andrew Garfield or Tom Holland?







marvel reference spider-man-into-the-spider-verse






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 5 hours ago









TheLethalCarrot

52.4k20294331




52.4k20294331










asked 5 hours ago









ThePopMachineThePopMachine

29.5k23174378




29.5k23174378







  • 1





    What exactly are you looking for in terms of an answer? A quote from somebody involved with the movie saying why they included specific scenes?

    – Anthony Grist
    5 hours ago






  • 2





    other than it being awesome?

    – DJ Spicy Deluxe-Levi
    5 hours ago











  • @AnthonyGrist: Yes, often there is behind-the-scenes commentary on this sort of thing, from interviews or Twitter or what have you.

    – ThePopMachine
    5 hours ago












  • @DJSpicyDeluxe-Levi: It is. Someone made a decision and the question is, What informed that decision?

    – ThePopMachine
    5 hours ago






  • 3





    And they did have at least one Holland scene, holding together the two halves of the boat.

    – FuzzyBoots
    4 hours ago












  • 1





    What exactly are you looking for in terms of an answer? A quote from somebody involved with the movie saying why they included specific scenes?

    – Anthony Grist
    5 hours ago






  • 2





    other than it being awesome?

    – DJ Spicy Deluxe-Levi
    5 hours ago











  • @AnthonyGrist: Yes, often there is behind-the-scenes commentary on this sort of thing, from interviews or Twitter or what have you.

    – ThePopMachine
    5 hours ago












  • @DJSpicyDeluxe-Levi: It is. Someone made a decision and the question is, What informed that decision?

    – ThePopMachine
    5 hours ago






  • 3





    And they did have at least one Holland scene, holding together the two halves of the boat.

    – FuzzyBoots
    4 hours ago







1




1





What exactly are you looking for in terms of an answer? A quote from somebody involved with the movie saying why they included specific scenes?

– Anthony Grist
5 hours ago





What exactly are you looking for in terms of an answer? A quote from somebody involved with the movie saying why they included specific scenes?

– Anthony Grist
5 hours ago




2




2





other than it being awesome?

– DJ Spicy Deluxe-Levi
5 hours ago





other than it being awesome?

– DJ Spicy Deluxe-Levi
5 hours ago













@AnthonyGrist: Yes, often there is behind-the-scenes commentary on this sort of thing, from interviews or Twitter or what have you.

– ThePopMachine
5 hours ago






@AnthonyGrist: Yes, often there is behind-the-scenes commentary on this sort of thing, from interviews or Twitter or what have you.

– ThePopMachine
5 hours ago














@DJSpicyDeluxe-Levi: It is. Someone made a decision and the question is, What informed that decision?

– ThePopMachine
5 hours ago





@DJSpicyDeluxe-Levi: It is. Someone made a decision and the question is, What informed that decision?

– ThePopMachine
5 hours ago




3




3





And they did have at least one Holland scene, holding together the two halves of the boat.

– FuzzyBoots
4 hours ago





And they did have at least one Holland scene, holding together the two halves of the boat.

– FuzzyBoots
4 hours ago










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















8















Christopher Miller: I think the idea is that this Peter Parker is an amalgam of all the Peter Parkers that you have seen in popular culture. So there's elements of the Homecoming Tom Holland Spider-Man, of an Andrew Garfield Spider-Man, of the Tobey Maguire Spider-Man, of Spider-Man from various comics and TV shows. And sort of in this universe the Spider-Man that comes to Miles' world is one that looks similar to but is not exactly the same as the ones that you know. And so, that's why all of those plots are similar, but there's a twist to them.



Phil Lord: "Yeah, the Spider-Man in Miles' universe that he meets early in the movie was meant to be as competent a Spider-Man as possible, and is meant to be living in an alternate universe that we would all consider the mainstream comics universe. So you'll see that like he and M.J. kiss in the rain upside down, but she's upside down, and he's right side up. Just trying to find little ways to say, 'This is a parallel dimension'."




source



As FuzzyBoots pointed out, there is at least one reference to Holland's Spider-Man holding the ferry together.
Also, it seems most likely that Peter's hair is based on the Andrew Garfield version.
It's possible that there were more reference to Maguire's version simply because Maguire was in more Spider-Man films than the other two actors.






share|improve this answer




















  • 1





    Good find......

    – ThePopMachine
    4 hours ago


















3














According to the film's makers, the aim was to show audiences that this film includes an amalgam of all of the different Spider-Man universes that they're likely to be familiar with.



The specific inclusion of a version of the classic Tobey Maguire "spider-dance" was pushed hard by the co-director because he felt that it gave audiences a lead that this was a comedy film first and foremost and that they should expect the film to be unafraid of poking a little fun at Spidey.




Phil Lord: You may notice a bunch of scenes that are reminiscent of other iconic spider-men and moments. This version of Peter is
supposed to be an amalgam of all the spider-men that we knew in the
universe. Good and
[pauses while we watch Spider-Man dance] bad.



Chris Miller: Good and great!.



PL: Sorry, good and great. That joke saved the movie.



CM: Which, the popsicle or the 'dance joke'?



PL: The dance move.



CM: That joke started the movie.



PL: I resisted that dance joke and Rodney [Rothman] pushed hard for it [both laugh]. And he was right... It told the audience what movie we were
watching. That they were watching a comedy. They laughed so big and then
they laughed at everything afterward. As a result.



CM: I call that a warm-up laugh, Phil. Warming the audience up to laugh.



Into the Spider-verse: Makers Audio Commentary.







share|improve this answer























    Your Answer








    StackExchange.ready(function()
    var channelOptions =
    tags: "".split(" "),
    id: "186"
    ;
    initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

    StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
    // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
    if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
    StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
    createEditor();
    );

    else
    createEditor();

    );

    function createEditor()
    StackExchange.prepareEditor(
    heartbeatType: 'answer',
    autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
    convertImagesToLinks: false,
    noModals: true,
    showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
    reputationToPostImages: null,
    bindNavPrevention: true,
    postfix: "",
    imageUploader:
    brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
    contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
    allowUrls: true
    ,
    noCode: true, onDemand: true,
    discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
    ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
    );



    );













    draft saved

    draft discarded


















    StackExchange.ready(
    function ()
    StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fscifi.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f209248%2fwhat-are-the-out-of-universe-reasons-for-the-references-to-toby-maguire-era-spid%23new-answer', 'question_page');

    );

    Post as a guest















    Required, but never shown

























    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes








    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    8















    Christopher Miller: I think the idea is that this Peter Parker is an amalgam of all the Peter Parkers that you have seen in popular culture. So there's elements of the Homecoming Tom Holland Spider-Man, of an Andrew Garfield Spider-Man, of the Tobey Maguire Spider-Man, of Spider-Man from various comics and TV shows. And sort of in this universe the Spider-Man that comes to Miles' world is one that looks similar to but is not exactly the same as the ones that you know. And so, that's why all of those plots are similar, but there's a twist to them.



    Phil Lord: "Yeah, the Spider-Man in Miles' universe that he meets early in the movie was meant to be as competent a Spider-Man as possible, and is meant to be living in an alternate universe that we would all consider the mainstream comics universe. So you'll see that like he and M.J. kiss in the rain upside down, but she's upside down, and he's right side up. Just trying to find little ways to say, 'This is a parallel dimension'."




    source



    As FuzzyBoots pointed out, there is at least one reference to Holland's Spider-Man holding the ferry together.
    Also, it seems most likely that Peter's hair is based on the Andrew Garfield version.
    It's possible that there were more reference to Maguire's version simply because Maguire was in more Spider-Man films than the other two actors.






    share|improve this answer




















    • 1





      Good find......

      – ThePopMachine
      4 hours ago















    8















    Christopher Miller: I think the idea is that this Peter Parker is an amalgam of all the Peter Parkers that you have seen in popular culture. So there's elements of the Homecoming Tom Holland Spider-Man, of an Andrew Garfield Spider-Man, of the Tobey Maguire Spider-Man, of Spider-Man from various comics and TV shows. And sort of in this universe the Spider-Man that comes to Miles' world is one that looks similar to but is not exactly the same as the ones that you know. And so, that's why all of those plots are similar, but there's a twist to them.



    Phil Lord: "Yeah, the Spider-Man in Miles' universe that he meets early in the movie was meant to be as competent a Spider-Man as possible, and is meant to be living in an alternate universe that we would all consider the mainstream comics universe. So you'll see that like he and M.J. kiss in the rain upside down, but she's upside down, and he's right side up. Just trying to find little ways to say, 'This is a parallel dimension'."




    source



    As FuzzyBoots pointed out, there is at least one reference to Holland's Spider-Man holding the ferry together.
    Also, it seems most likely that Peter's hair is based on the Andrew Garfield version.
    It's possible that there were more reference to Maguire's version simply because Maguire was in more Spider-Man films than the other two actors.






    share|improve this answer




















    • 1





      Good find......

      – ThePopMachine
      4 hours ago













    8












    8








    8








    Christopher Miller: I think the idea is that this Peter Parker is an amalgam of all the Peter Parkers that you have seen in popular culture. So there's elements of the Homecoming Tom Holland Spider-Man, of an Andrew Garfield Spider-Man, of the Tobey Maguire Spider-Man, of Spider-Man from various comics and TV shows. And sort of in this universe the Spider-Man that comes to Miles' world is one that looks similar to but is not exactly the same as the ones that you know. And so, that's why all of those plots are similar, but there's a twist to them.



    Phil Lord: "Yeah, the Spider-Man in Miles' universe that he meets early in the movie was meant to be as competent a Spider-Man as possible, and is meant to be living in an alternate universe that we would all consider the mainstream comics universe. So you'll see that like he and M.J. kiss in the rain upside down, but she's upside down, and he's right side up. Just trying to find little ways to say, 'This is a parallel dimension'."




    source



    As FuzzyBoots pointed out, there is at least one reference to Holland's Spider-Man holding the ferry together.
    Also, it seems most likely that Peter's hair is based on the Andrew Garfield version.
    It's possible that there were more reference to Maguire's version simply because Maguire was in more Spider-Man films than the other two actors.






    share|improve this answer
















    Christopher Miller: I think the idea is that this Peter Parker is an amalgam of all the Peter Parkers that you have seen in popular culture. So there's elements of the Homecoming Tom Holland Spider-Man, of an Andrew Garfield Spider-Man, of the Tobey Maguire Spider-Man, of Spider-Man from various comics and TV shows. And sort of in this universe the Spider-Man that comes to Miles' world is one that looks similar to but is not exactly the same as the ones that you know. And so, that's why all of those plots are similar, but there's a twist to them.



    Phil Lord: "Yeah, the Spider-Man in Miles' universe that he meets early in the movie was meant to be as competent a Spider-Man as possible, and is meant to be living in an alternate universe that we would all consider the mainstream comics universe. So you'll see that like he and M.J. kiss in the rain upside down, but she's upside down, and he's right side up. Just trying to find little ways to say, 'This is a parallel dimension'."




    source



    As FuzzyBoots pointed out, there is at least one reference to Holland's Spider-Man holding the ferry together.
    Also, it seems most likely that Peter's hair is based on the Andrew Garfield version.
    It's possible that there were more reference to Maguire's version simply because Maguire was in more Spider-Man films than the other two actors.







    share|improve this answer














    share|improve this answer



    share|improve this answer








    edited 4 hours ago

























    answered 4 hours ago









    RajRaj

    772212




    772212







    • 1





      Good find......

      – ThePopMachine
      4 hours ago












    • 1





      Good find......

      – ThePopMachine
      4 hours ago







    1




    1





    Good find......

    – ThePopMachine
    4 hours ago





    Good find......

    – ThePopMachine
    4 hours ago













    3














    According to the film's makers, the aim was to show audiences that this film includes an amalgam of all of the different Spider-Man universes that they're likely to be familiar with.



    The specific inclusion of a version of the classic Tobey Maguire "spider-dance" was pushed hard by the co-director because he felt that it gave audiences a lead that this was a comedy film first and foremost and that they should expect the film to be unafraid of poking a little fun at Spidey.




    Phil Lord: You may notice a bunch of scenes that are reminiscent of other iconic spider-men and moments. This version of Peter is
    supposed to be an amalgam of all the spider-men that we knew in the
    universe. Good and
    [pauses while we watch Spider-Man dance] bad.



    Chris Miller: Good and great!.



    PL: Sorry, good and great. That joke saved the movie.



    CM: Which, the popsicle or the 'dance joke'?



    PL: The dance move.



    CM: That joke started the movie.



    PL: I resisted that dance joke and Rodney [Rothman] pushed hard for it [both laugh]. And he was right... It told the audience what movie we were
    watching. That they were watching a comedy. They laughed so big and then
    they laughed at everything afterward. As a result.



    CM: I call that a warm-up laugh, Phil. Warming the audience up to laugh.



    Into the Spider-verse: Makers Audio Commentary.







    share|improve this answer



























      3














      According to the film's makers, the aim was to show audiences that this film includes an amalgam of all of the different Spider-Man universes that they're likely to be familiar with.



      The specific inclusion of a version of the classic Tobey Maguire "spider-dance" was pushed hard by the co-director because he felt that it gave audiences a lead that this was a comedy film first and foremost and that they should expect the film to be unafraid of poking a little fun at Spidey.




      Phil Lord: You may notice a bunch of scenes that are reminiscent of other iconic spider-men and moments. This version of Peter is
      supposed to be an amalgam of all the spider-men that we knew in the
      universe. Good and
      [pauses while we watch Spider-Man dance] bad.



      Chris Miller: Good and great!.



      PL: Sorry, good and great. That joke saved the movie.



      CM: Which, the popsicle or the 'dance joke'?



      PL: The dance move.



      CM: That joke started the movie.



      PL: I resisted that dance joke and Rodney [Rothman] pushed hard for it [both laugh]. And he was right... It told the audience what movie we were
      watching. That they were watching a comedy. They laughed so big and then
      they laughed at everything afterward. As a result.



      CM: I call that a warm-up laugh, Phil. Warming the audience up to laugh.



      Into the Spider-verse: Makers Audio Commentary.







      share|improve this answer

























        3












        3








        3







        According to the film's makers, the aim was to show audiences that this film includes an amalgam of all of the different Spider-Man universes that they're likely to be familiar with.



        The specific inclusion of a version of the classic Tobey Maguire "spider-dance" was pushed hard by the co-director because he felt that it gave audiences a lead that this was a comedy film first and foremost and that they should expect the film to be unafraid of poking a little fun at Spidey.




        Phil Lord: You may notice a bunch of scenes that are reminiscent of other iconic spider-men and moments. This version of Peter is
        supposed to be an amalgam of all the spider-men that we knew in the
        universe. Good and
        [pauses while we watch Spider-Man dance] bad.



        Chris Miller: Good and great!.



        PL: Sorry, good and great. That joke saved the movie.



        CM: Which, the popsicle or the 'dance joke'?



        PL: The dance move.



        CM: That joke started the movie.



        PL: I resisted that dance joke and Rodney [Rothman] pushed hard for it [both laugh]. And he was right... It told the audience what movie we were
        watching. That they were watching a comedy. They laughed so big and then
        they laughed at everything afterward. As a result.



        CM: I call that a warm-up laugh, Phil. Warming the audience up to laugh.



        Into the Spider-verse: Makers Audio Commentary.







        share|improve this answer













        According to the film's makers, the aim was to show audiences that this film includes an amalgam of all of the different Spider-Man universes that they're likely to be familiar with.



        The specific inclusion of a version of the classic Tobey Maguire "spider-dance" was pushed hard by the co-director because he felt that it gave audiences a lead that this was a comedy film first and foremost and that they should expect the film to be unafraid of poking a little fun at Spidey.




        Phil Lord: You may notice a bunch of scenes that are reminiscent of other iconic spider-men and moments. This version of Peter is
        supposed to be an amalgam of all the spider-men that we knew in the
        universe. Good and
        [pauses while we watch Spider-Man dance] bad.



        Chris Miller: Good and great!.



        PL: Sorry, good and great. That joke saved the movie.



        CM: Which, the popsicle or the 'dance joke'?



        PL: The dance move.



        CM: That joke started the movie.



        PL: I resisted that dance joke and Rodney [Rothman] pushed hard for it [both laugh]. And he was right... It told the audience what movie we were
        watching. That they were watching a comedy. They laughed so big and then
        they laughed at everything afterward. As a result.



        CM: I call that a warm-up laugh, Phil. Warming the audience up to laugh.



        Into the Spider-verse: Makers Audio Commentary.








        share|improve this answer












        share|improve this answer



        share|improve this answer










        answered 1 hour ago









        ValorumValorum

        416k11330303248




        416k11330303248



























            draft saved

            draft discarded
















































            Thanks for contributing an answer to Science Fiction & Fantasy Stack Exchange!


            • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

            But avoid


            • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

            • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.

            To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




            draft saved


            draft discarded














            StackExchange.ready(
            function ()
            StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fscifi.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f209248%2fwhat-are-the-out-of-universe-reasons-for-the-references-to-toby-maguire-era-spid%23new-answer', 'question_page');

            );

            Post as a guest















            Required, but never shown





















































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown

































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown