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I was reading an article on the Internet and saw this notation:

3*3*3*3* – 4331 – tmp+3 – hp – cel/pno – cds (14/12/10/8/6)

Then, searching on Google, I could see that this is a shorthand for orchestra instrumentation. But even reading this Wikipedia article, I could not understand all the parts of this statement.

What do all of these things mean? Mainly the final parts...

I would recommend consulting the source where you found this. If it was a publishing company, they may have their own system of shorthand that will clarify this.

Otherwise, this all seems relatively standard:

• 
  3*3*3*3* indicates the wind grouping with three performers each: three flutes, three clarinets, three oboes, three bassoons. (It's possible that the asterisks indicate something; again, I'd recommend consulting the source where you found this notation.)


• 
  4331 indicates a standard brass grouping of four horns, three trumpets, three trombones, and a tuba.


• 
  tmp+3 indicates a timpanist and three other percussionists.


• 
  hp indicates harp.


• 
  cel/pno indicates a score for celesta and piano.


• 
  (14/12/10/8/6) indicates the number of strings: 14 first violins, 12 second violins, 10 violas, 8 celli, and 6 double basses.

My only confusion is with the designation cds before the last entry. My guess is that this indication is in another language—perhaps French?—and this tells us that the following numbers pertain to "strings" (cordes in French).