MNIST - Vanilla Neural Network - Why Cost Function is Increasing? Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara Planned maintenance scheduled April 23, 2019 at 23:30 UTC (7:30pm US/Eastern) 2019 Moderator Election Q&A - Questionnaire 2019 Community Moderator Election ResultsNeural network for MNIST: very low accuracyNeural networks: which cost function to use?Tensorflow skewed cost functionQuestions When Advancing from Vanilla Neural Network to Recurrent Neural NetworkMNIST Deep Neural Network using TensorFlowTensorflow regression predicting 1 for all inputsNeural Network Performs Bad On MNISTXOR problem with neural network, cost functionWhy does cost function on a neural network increase?Too low accuracy on MNIST dataset using a neural network

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MNIST - Vanilla Neural Network - Why Cost Function is Increasing?



Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara
Planned maintenance scheduled April 23, 2019 at 23:30 UTC (7:30pm US/Eastern)
2019 Moderator Election Q&A - Questionnaire
2019 Community Moderator Election ResultsNeural network for MNIST: very low accuracyNeural networks: which cost function to use?Tensorflow skewed cost functionQuestions When Advancing from Vanilla Neural Network to Recurrent Neural NetworkMNIST Deep Neural Network using TensorFlowTensorflow regression predicting 1 for all inputsNeural Network Performs Bad On MNISTXOR problem with neural network, cost functionWhy does cost function on a neural network increase?Too low accuracy on MNIST dataset using a neural network










2












$begingroup$


I've been combing through this code for a week now trying to figure out why my cost function is increasing as in the following image. Reducing the learning rate does help but very little. Can anyone spot why the cost function isn't working as expected?



I realise a CNN would be preferable, but I still want to understand why this simple network is failing.
Please help:)



Runaway Cost Function



import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_DATA/",one_hot=True)

def createPlaceholders():
xph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, (784, None))
yph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, (10, None))
return xph, yph

def init_param(layers_dim):
weights =
L = len(layers_dim)

for l in range(1,L):
weights['W' + str(l)] = tf.get_variable('W' + str(l), shape=(layers_dim[l],layers_dim[l-1]), initializer= tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer())
weights['b' + str(l)] = tf.get_variable('b' + str(l), shape=(layers_dim[l],1), initializer= tf.zeros_initializer())

return weights

def forward_prop(X,L,weights):
parameters =
parameters['A0'] = tf.cast(X,tf.float32)

for l in range(1,L-1):
parameters['Z' + str(l)] = tf.add(tf.matmul(weights['W' + str(l)], parameters['A' + str(l-1)]), weights['b' + str(l)])
parameters['A' + str(l)] = tf.nn.relu(parameters['Z' + str(l)])

parameters['Z' + str(L-1)] = tf.add(tf.matmul(weights['W' + str(L-1)], parameters['A' + str(L-2)]), weights['b' + str(L-1)])
return parameters['Z' + str(L-1)]

def compute_cost(ZL,Y):
cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels = tf.cast(Y,tf.float32), logits = ZL))
return cost

def randomMiniBatches(X,Y,minibatch_size):
m = X.shape[1]
shuffle = np.random.permutation(m)
temp_X = X[:,shuffle]
temp_Y = Y[:,shuffle]

num_complete_minibatches = int(np.floor(m/minibatch_size))

mini_batches = []

for batch in range(num_complete_minibatches):
mini_batches.append((temp_X[:,batch*minibatch_size: (batch+1)*minibatch_size], temp_Y[:,batch*minibatch_size: (batch+1)*minibatch_size]))

mini_batches.append((temp_X[:,num_complete_minibatches*minibatch_size:], temp_Y[:,num_complete_minibatches*minibatch_size:]))

return mini_batches

def model(X, Y, layers_dim, learning_rate = 0.001, num_epochs = 20, minibatch_size = 64):
tf.reset_default_graph()
costs = []

xph, yph = createPlaceholders()
weights = init_param(layers_dim)
ZL = forward_prop(xph, len(layers_dim), weights)
cost = compute_cost(ZL,yph)
optimiser = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate).minimize(cost)

init = tf.global_variables_initializer()

with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(init)

for epoch in range(num_epochs):
minibatches = randomMiniBatches(X,Y,minibatch_size)
epoch_cost = 0

for b, mini in enumerate(minibatches,1):
mini_x, mini_y = mini
_,c = sess.run([optimiser,cost],feed_dict=xph:mini_x,yph:mini_y)
epoch_cost += c
print('epoch: ',epoch+1,'/ ',num_epochs)

epoch_cost /= len(minibatches)
costs.append(epoch_cost)

plt.plot(costs)
print(costs)



X_train = mnist.train.images.T
n_x = X_train.shape[0]
Y_train = mnist.train.labels.T
n_y = Y_train.shape[0]
layers_dim = [n_x,10,n_y]

model(X_train, Y_train, layers_dim)









share|improve this question









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bumped to the homepage by Community 2 hours ago


This question has answers that may be good or bad; the system has marked it active so that they can be reviewed.










  • 1




    $begingroup$
    What's the x-axis? What's the y-axis?
    $endgroup$
    – SmallChess
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:05











  • $begingroup$
    on the graph? y is cost and x is epoch_number. The cost is increasing like crazy!
    $endgroup$
    – alwayscurious
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:08










  • $begingroup$
    I think this question is off-topic as it's about debugging a code that doesn't work.
    $endgroup$
    – SmallChess
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:09










  • $begingroup$
    happy to hear suggestions of what to try without you looking at the code. I've duplicated a model that worked for another basic classification with a monotonically decreasing cost, but for some reason with MNIST my cost is increasing.
    $endgroup$
    – alwayscurious
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:15















2












$begingroup$


I've been combing through this code for a week now trying to figure out why my cost function is increasing as in the following image. Reducing the learning rate does help but very little. Can anyone spot why the cost function isn't working as expected?



I realise a CNN would be preferable, but I still want to understand why this simple network is failing.
Please help:)



Runaway Cost Function



import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_DATA/",one_hot=True)

def createPlaceholders():
xph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, (784, None))
yph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, (10, None))
return xph, yph

def init_param(layers_dim):
weights =
L = len(layers_dim)

for l in range(1,L):
weights['W' + str(l)] = tf.get_variable('W' + str(l), shape=(layers_dim[l],layers_dim[l-1]), initializer= tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer())
weights['b' + str(l)] = tf.get_variable('b' + str(l), shape=(layers_dim[l],1), initializer= tf.zeros_initializer())

return weights

def forward_prop(X,L,weights):
parameters =
parameters['A0'] = tf.cast(X,tf.float32)

for l in range(1,L-1):
parameters['Z' + str(l)] = tf.add(tf.matmul(weights['W' + str(l)], parameters['A' + str(l-1)]), weights['b' + str(l)])
parameters['A' + str(l)] = tf.nn.relu(parameters['Z' + str(l)])

parameters['Z' + str(L-1)] = tf.add(tf.matmul(weights['W' + str(L-1)], parameters['A' + str(L-2)]), weights['b' + str(L-1)])
return parameters['Z' + str(L-1)]

def compute_cost(ZL,Y):
cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels = tf.cast(Y,tf.float32), logits = ZL))
return cost

def randomMiniBatches(X,Y,minibatch_size):
m = X.shape[1]
shuffle = np.random.permutation(m)
temp_X = X[:,shuffle]
temp_Y = Y[:,shuffle]

num_complete_minibatches = int(np.floor(m/minibatch_size))

mini_batches = []

for batch in range(num_complete_minibatches):
mini_batches.append((temp_X[:,batch*minibatch_size: (batch+1)*minibatch_size], temp_Y[:,batch*minibatch_size: (batch+1)*minibatch_size]))

mini_batches.append((temp_X[:,num_complete_minibatches*minibatch_size:], temp_Y[:,num_complete_minibatches*minibatch_size:]))

return mini_batches

def model(X, Y, layers_dim, learning_rate = 0.001, num_epochs = 20, minibatch_size = 64):
tf.reset_default_graph()
costs = []

xph, yph = createPlaceholders()
weights = init_param(layers_dim)
ZL = forward_prop(xph, len(layers_dim), weights)
cost = compute_cost(ZL,yph)
optimiser = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate).minimize(cost)

init = tf.global_variables_initializer()

with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(init)

for epoch in range(num_epochs):
minibatches = randomMiniBatches(X,Y,minibatch_size)
epoch_cost = 0

for b, mini in enumerate(minibatches,1):
mini_x, mini_y = mini
_,c = sess.run([optimiser,cost],feed_dict=xph:mini_x,yph:mini_y)
epoch_cost += c
print('epoch: ',epoch+1,'/ ',num_epochs)

epoch_cost /= len(minibatches)
costs.append(epoch_cost)

plt.plot(costs)
print(costs)



X_train = mnist.train.images.T
n_x = X_train.shape[0]
Y_train = mnist.train.labels.T
n_y = Y_train.shape[0]
layers_dim = [n_x,10,n_y]

model(X_train, Y_train, layers_dim)









share|improve this question









$endgroup$




bumped to the homepage by Community 2 hours ago


This question has answers that may be good or bad; the system has marked it active so that they can be reviewed.










  • 1




    $begingroup$
    What's the x-axis? What's the y-axis?
    $endgroup$
    – SmallChess
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:05











  • $begingroup$
    on the graph? y is cost and x is epoch_number. The cost is increasing like crazy!
    $endgroup$
    – alwayscurious
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:08










  • $begingroup$
    I think this question is off-topic as it's about debugging a code that doesn't work.
    $endgroup$
    – SmallChess
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:09










  • $begingroup$
    happy to hear suggestions of what to try without you looking at the code. I've duplicated a model that worked for another basic classification with a monotonically decreasing cost, but for some reason with MNIST my cost is increasing.
    $endgroup$
    – alwayscurious
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:15













2












2








2





$begingroup$


I've been combing through this code for a week now trying to figure out why my cost function is increasing as in the following image. Reducing the learning rate does help but very little. Can anyone spot why the cost function isn't working as expected?



I realise a CNN would be preferable, but I still want to understand why this simple network is failing.
Please help:)



Runaway Cost Function



import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_DATA/",one_hot=True)

def createPlaceholders():
xph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, (784, None))
yph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, (10, None))
return xph, yph

def init_param(layers_dim):
weights =
L = len(layers_dim)

for l in range(1,L):
weights['W' + str(l)] = tf.get_variable('W' + str(l), shape=(layers_dim[l],layers_dim[l-1]), initializer= tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer())
weights['b' + str(l)] = tf.get_variable('b' + str(l), shape=(layers_dim[l],1), initializer= tf.zeros_initializer())

return weights

def forward_prop(X,L,weights):
parameters =
parameters['A0'] = tf.cast(X,tf.float32)

for l in range(1,L-1):
parameters['Z' + str(l)] = tf.add(tf.matmul(weights['W' + str(l)], parameters['A' + str(l-1)]), weights['b' + str(l)])
parameters['A' + str(l)] = tf.nn.relu(parameters['Z' + str(l)])

parameters['Z' + str(L-1)] = tf.add(tf.matmul(weights['W' + str(L-1)], parameters['A' + str(L-2)]), weights['b' + str(L-1)])
return parameters['Z' + str(L-1)]

def compute_cost(ZL,Y):
cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels = tf.cast(Y,tf.float32), logits = ZL))
return cost

def randomMiniBatches(X,Y,minibatch_size):
m = X.shape[1]
shuffle = np.random.permutation(m)
temp_X = X[:,shuffle]
temp_Y = Y[:,shuffle]

num_complete_minibatches = int(np.floor(m/minibatch_size))

mini_batches = []

for batch in range(num_complete_minibatches):
mini_batches.append((temp_X[:,batch*minibatch_size: (batch+1)*minibatch_size], temp_Y[:,batch*minibatch_size: (batch+1)*minibatch_size]))

mini_batches.append((temp_X[:,num_complete_minibatches*minibatch_size:], temp_Y[:,num_complete_minibatches*minibatch_size:]))

return mini_batches

def model(X, Y, layers_dim, learning_rate = 0.001, num_epochs = 20, minibatch_size = 64):
tf.reset_default_graph()
costs = []

xph, yph = createPlaceholders()
weights = init_param(layers_dim)
ZL = forward_prop(xph, len(layers_dim), weights)
cost = compute_cost(ZL,yph)
optimiser = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate).minimize(cost)

init = tf.global_variables_initializer()

with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(init)

for epoch in range(num_epochs):
minibatches = randomMiniBatches(X,Y,minibatch_size)
epoch_cost = 0

for b, mini in enumerate(minibatches,1):
mini_x, mini_y = mini
_,c = sess.run([optimiser,cost],feed_dict=xph:mini_x,yph:mini_y)
epoch_cost += c
print('epoch: ',epoch+1,'/ ',num_epochs)

epoch_cost /= len(minibatches)
costs.append(epoch_cost)

plt.plot(costs)
print(costs)



X_train = mnist.train.images.T
n_x = X_train.shape[0]
Y_train = mnist.train.labels.T
n_y = Y_train.shape[0]
layers_dim = [n_x,10,n_y]

model(X_train, Y_train, layers_dim)









share|improve this question









$endgroup$




I've been combing through this code for a week now trying to figure out why my cost function is increasing as in the following image. Reducing the learning rate does help but very little. Can anyone spot why the cost function isn't working as expected?



I realise a CNN would be preferable, but I still want to understand why this simple network is failing.
Please help:)



Runaway Cost Function



import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_DATA/",one_hot=True)

def createPlaceholders():
xph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, (784, None))
yph = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, (10, None))
return xph, yph

def init_param(layers_dim):
weights =
L = len(layers_dim)

for l in range(1,L):
weights['W' + str(l)] = tf.get_variable('W' + str(l), shape=(layers_dim[l],layers_dim[l-1]), initializer= tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer())
weights['b' + str(l)] = tf.get_variable('b' + str(l), shape=(layers_dim[l],1), initializer= tf.zeros_initializer())

return weights

def forward_prop(X,L,weights):
parameters =
parameters['A0'] = tf.cast(X,tf.float32)

for l in range(1,L-1):
parameters['Z' + str(l)] = tf.add(tf.matmul(weights['W' + str(l)], parameters['A' + str(l-1)]), weights['b' + str(l)])
parameters['A' + str(l)] = tf.nn.relu(parameters['Z' + str(l)])

parameters['Z' + str(L-1)] = tf.add(tf.matmul(weights['W' + str(L-1)], parameters['A' + str(L-2)]), weights['b' + str(L-1)])
return parameters['Z' + str(L-1)]

def compute_cost(ZL,Y):
cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels = tf.cast(Y,tf.float32), logits = ZL))
return cost

def randomMiniBatches(X,Y,minibatch_size):
m = X.shape[1]
shuffle = np.random.permutation(m)
temp_X = X[:,shuffle]
temp_Y = Y[:,shuffle]

num_complete_minibatches = int(np.floor(m/minibatch_size))

mini_batches = []

for batch in range(num_complete_minibatches):
mini_batches.append((temp_X[:,batch*minibatch_size: (batch+1)*minibatch_size], temp_Y[:,batch*minibatch_size: (batch+1)*minibatch_size]))

mini_batches.append((temp_X[:,num_complete_minibatches*minibatch_size:], temp_Y[:,num_complete_minibatches*minibatch_size:]))

return mini_batches

def model(X, Y, layers_dim, learning_rate = 0.001, num_epochs = 20, minibatch_size = 64):
tf.reset_default_graph()
costs = []

xph, yph = createPlaceholders()
weights = init_param(layers_dim)
ZL = forward_prop(xph, len(layers_dim), weights)
cost = compute_cost(ZL,yph)
optimiser = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate).minimize(cost)

init = tf.global_variables_initializer()

with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(init)

for epoch in range(num_epochs):
minibatches = randomMiniBatches(X,Y,minibatch_size)
epoch_cost = 0

for b, mini in enumerate(minibatches,1):
mini_x, mini_y = mini
_,c = sess.run([optimiser,cost],feed_dict=xph:mini_x,yph:mini_y)
epoch_cost += c
print('epoch: ',epoch+1,'/ ',num_epochs)

epoch_cost /= len(minibatches)
costs.append(epoch_cost)

plt.plot(costs)
print(costs)



X_train = mnist.train.images.T
n_x = X_train.shape[0]
Y_train = mnist.train.labels.T
n_y = Y_train.shape[0]
layers_dim = [n_x,10,n_y]

model(X_train, Y_train, layers_dim)






neural-network tensorflow mnist






share|improve this question













share|improve this question











share|improve this question




share|improve this question










asked Apr 23 '18 at 12:42









alwayscuriousalwayscurious

1141




1141





bumped to the homepage by Community 2 hours ago


This question has answers that may be good or bad; the system has marked it active so that they can be reviewed.







bumped to the homepage by Community 2 hours ago


This question has answers that may be good or bad; the system has marked it active so that they can be reviewed.









  • 1




    $begingroup$
    What's the x-axis? What's the y-axis?
    $endgroup$
    – SmallChess
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:05











  • $begingroup$
    on the graph? y is cost and x is epoch_number. The cost is increasing like crazy!
    $endgroup$
    – alwayscurious
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:08










  • $begingroup$
    I think this question is off-topic as it's about debugging a code that doesn't work.
    $endgroup$
    – SmallChess
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:09










  • $begingroup$
    happy to hear suggestions of what to try without you looking at the code. I've duplicated a model that worked for another basic classification with a monotonically decreasing cost, but for some reason with MNIST my cost is increasing.
    $endgroup$
    – alwayscurious
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:15












  • 1




    $begingroup$
    What's the x-axis? What's the y-axis?
    $endgroup$
    – SmallChess
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:05











  • $begingroup$
    on the graph? y is cost and x is epoch_number. The cost is increasing like crazy!
    $endgroup$
    – alwayscurious
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:08










  • $begingroup$
    I think this question is off-topic as it's about debugging a code that doesn't work.
    $endgroup$
    – SmallChess
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:09










  • $begingroup$
    happy to hear suggestions of what to try without you looking at the code. I've duplicated a model that worked for another basic classification with a monotonically decreasing cost, but for some reason with MNIST my cost is increasing.
    $endgroup$
    – alwayscurious
    Apr 23 '18 at 14:15







1




1




$begingroup$
What's the x-axis? What's the y-axis?
$endgroup$
– SmallChess
Apr 23 '18 at 14:05





$begingroup$
What's the x-axis? What's the y-axis?
$endgroup$
– SmallChess
Apr 23 '18 at 14:05













$begingroup$
on the graph? y is cost and x is epoch_number. The cost is increasing like crazy!
$endgroup$
– alwayscurious
Apr 23 '18 at 14:08




$begingroup$
on the graph? y is cost and x is epoch_number. The cost is increasing like crazy!
$endgroup$
– alwayscurious
Apr 23 '18 at 14:08












$begingroup$
I think this question is off-topic as it's about debugging a code that doesn't work.
$endgroup$
– SmallChess
Apr 23 '18 at 14:09




$begingroup$
I think this question is off-topic as it's about debugging a code that doesn't work.
$endgroup$
– SmallChess
Apr 23 '18 at 14:09












$begingroup$
happy to hear suggestions of what to try without you looking at the code. I've duplicated a model that worked for another basic classification with a monotonically decreasing cost, but for some reason with MNIST my cost is increasing.
$endgroup$
– alwayscurious
Apr 23 '18 at 14:15




$begingroup$
happy to hear suggestions of what to try without you looking at the code. I've duplicated a model that worked for another basic classification with a monotonically decreasing cost, but for some reason with MNIST my cost is increasing.
$endgroup$
– alwayscurious
Apr 23 '18 at 14:15










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















0












$begingroup$

Tensorflow's softmax function only works if the number of batches are in the rows and the output in the columns. If these are reversed, then you need to transpose the tensors in the cost function.






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$













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    $begingroup$

    Tensorflow's softmax function only works if the number of batches are in the rows and the output in the columns. If these are reversed, then you need to transpose the tensors in the cost function.






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$

















      0












      $begingroup$

      Tensorflow's softmax function only works if the number of batches are in the rows and the output in the columns. If these are reversed, then you need to transpose the tensors in the cost function.






      share|improve this answer









      $endgroup$















        0












        0








        0





        $begingroup$

        Tensorflow's softmax function only works if the number of batches are in the rows and the output in the columns. If these are reversed, then you need to transpose the tensors in the cost function.






        share|improve this answer









        $endgroup$



        Tensorflow's softmax function only works if the number of batches are in the rows and the output in the columns. If these are reversed, then you need to transpose the tensors in the cost function.







        share|improve this answer












        share|improve this answer



        share|improve this answer










        answered Apr 24 '18 at 5:52









        alwayscuriousalwayscurious

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