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How to compare paired count data?


Can machine learning algorithms predict sports scores or plays?How to create Self learning data productPython: Handling imbalance Classes in python Machine LearningHow does one deploy a model, after building it in Python or Matlab?Predicting a Continuous output in a dataset with categoriesDifferent approaches of creating the test setPoor performance of SVM after training for rare eventsBest ML model for predicting yearly data with many blocks?Improving population weightingMulti-input Convolutional Neural Network for Images Classification













0












$begingroup$


I am working with a machine learning approach that counts cars in images. I have a predicted dataset, which is the predicted output from the machine learning approach and a paired "true" dataset, which is the result of a human going through each image and counting the number of cars.



The following is a sample of what the datasets look like (note that the actual dataset has 2500 paired samples):



import pandas as pd

d = 'true': [0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1],
'predicted': [0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1]
df = pd.DataFrame(data=d)



 true predicted
0 0 0
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 1 0
4 1 0
5 0 0
6 1 1
7 0 0
8 0 0
9 0 0
10 0 0
11 0 0
12 0 0
13 0 0
14 4 2
15 2 2
16 0 0
17 0 0
18 0 0
19 0 0
20 0 0
21 0 0
22 0 0
23 0 0
24 0 1
25 0 0
26 0 0
27 0 0
28 0 0
29 0 0
30 0 0
31 0 0
32 1 1


I am looking for a way to present the predicted approach to an audience so that they see if the predictions are statistically the same as the true observations and visualize any trends in the data (e.g. the predicted approach has a tendency to over or under predict). If these were categorical data, I would use a confusion matrix, however, I am not sure how to deal with these paired, discrete datasets that are heavily weighted with 0's.



What approach can I take to statistically compare the predicted vs true datasets?










share|improve this question











$endgroup$





This question has an open bounty worth +50
reputation from Borealis ending ending at 2019-05-03 03:52:25Z">in 7 days.


The question is widely applicable to a large audience. A detailed canonical answer is required to address all the concerns.




















    0












    $begingroup$


    I am working with a machine learning approach that counts cars in images. I have a predicted dataset, which is the predicted output from the machine learning approach and a paired "true" dataset, which is the result of a human going through each image and counting the number of cars.



    The following is a sample of what the datasets look like (note that the actual dataset has 2500 paired samples):



    import pandas as pd

    d = 'true': [0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1],
    'predicted': [0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1]
    df = pd.DataFrame(data=d)



     true predicted
    0 0 0
    1 0 0
    2 0 0
    3 1 0
    4 1 0
    5 0 0
    6 1 1
    7 0 0
    8 0 0
    9 0 0
    10 0 0
    11 0 0
    12 0 0
    13 0 0
    14 4 2
    15 2 2
    16 0 0
    17 0 0
    18 0 0
    19 0 0
    20 0 0
    21 0 0
    22 0 0
    23 0 0
    24 0 1
    25 0 0
    26 0 0
    27 0 0
    28 0 0
    29 0 0
    30 0 0
    31 0 0
    32 1 1


    I am looking for a way to present the predicted approach to an audience so that they see if the predictions are statistically the same as the true observations and visualize any trends in the data (e.g. the predicted approach has a tendency to over or under predict). If these were categorical data, I would use a confusion matrix, however, I am not sure how to deal with these paired, discrete datasets that are heavily weighted with 0's.



    What approach can I take to statistically compare the predicted vs true datasets?










    share|improve this question











    $endgroup$





    This question has an open bounty worth +50
    reputation from Borealis ending ending at 2019-05-03 03:52:25Z">in 7 days.


    The question is widely applicable to a large audience. A detailed canonical answer is required to address all the concerns.


















      0












      0








      0





      $begingroup$


      I am working with a machine learning approach that counts cars in images. I have a predicted dataset, which is the predicted output from the machine learning approach and a paired "true" dataset, which is the result of a human going through each image and counting the number of cars.



      The following is a sample of what the datasets look like (note that the actual dataset has 2500 paired samples):



      import pandas as pd

      d = 'true': [0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1],
      'predicted': [0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1]
      df = pd.DataFrame(data=d)



       true predicted
      0 0 0
      1 0 0
      2 0 0
      3 1 0
      4 1 0
      5 0 0
      6 1 1
      7 0 0
      8 0 0
      9 0 0
      10 0 0
      11 0 0
      12 0 0
      13 0 0
      14 4 2
      15 2 2
      16 0 0
      17 0 0
      18 0 0
      19 0 0
      20 0 0
      21 0 0
      22 0 0
      23 0 0
      24 0 1
      25 0 0
      26 0 0
      27 0 0
      28 0 0
      29 0 0
      30 0 0
      31 0 0
      32 1 1


      I am looking for a way to present the predicted approach to an audience so that they see if the predictions are statistically the same as the true observations and visualize any trends in the data (e.g. the predicted approach has a tendency to over or under predict). If these were categorical data, I would use a confusion matrix, however, I am not sure how to deal with these paired, discrete datasets that are heavily weighted with 0's.



      What approach can I take to statistically compare the predicted vs true datasets?










      share|improve this question











      $endgroup$




      I am working with a machine learning approach that counts cars in images. I have a predicted dataset, which is the predicted output from the machine learning approach and a paired "true" dataset, which is the result of a human going through each image and counting the number of cars.



      The following is a sample of what the datasets look like (note that the actual dataset has 2500 paired samples):



      import pandas as pd

      d = 'true': [0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1],
      'predicted': [0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1]
      df = pd.DataFrame(data=d)



       true predicted
      0 0 0
      1 0 0
      2 0 0
      3 1 0
      4 1 0
      5 0 0
      6 1 1
      7 0 0
      8 0 0
      9 0 0
      10 0 0
      11 0 0
      12 0 0
      13 0 0
      14 4 2
      15 2 2
      16 0 0
      17 0 0
      18 0 0
      19 0 0
      20 0 0
      21 0 0
      22 0 0
      23 0 0
      24 0 1
      25 0 0
      26 0 0
      27 0 0
      28 0 0
      29 0 0
      30 0 0
      31 0 0
      32 1 1


      I am looking for a way to present the predicted approach to an audience so that they see if the predictions are statistically the same as the true observations and visualize any trends in the data (e.g. the predicted approach has a tendency to over or under predict). If these were categorical data, I would use a confusion matrix, however, I am not sure how to deal with these paired, discrete datasets that are heavily weighted with 0's.



      What approach can I take to statistically compare the predicted vs true datasets?







      machine-learning python pandas accuracy






      share|improve this question















      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question








      edited 5 mins ago







      Borealis

















      asked Apr 16 at 2:47









      BorealisBorealis

      122213




      122213






      This question has an open bounty worth +50
      reputation from Borealis ending ending at 2019-05-03 03:52:25Z">in 7 days.


      The question is widely applicable to a large audience. A detailed canonical answer is required to address all the concerns.








      This question has an open bounty worth +50
      reputation from Borealis ending ending at 2019-05-03 03:52:25Z">in 7 days.


      The question is widely applicable to a large audience. A detailed canonical answer is required to address all the concerns.






















          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          1












          $begingroup$

          You can use a simple error measure of $sum (real.people-predicted.people)^2+sum (real.cars-predicted.cars)^2$, the kind of problem you are dealing with has this objective function as the solved one.



          Actually, the algorithms implement this measure as their objective function.






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            This approach would yield two numbers--one for each class. Would the results of your approach, for example, "person" -7 and "car" +4 be sufficient to describe the predicted accuracy?
            $endgroup$
            – Borealis
            Apr 16 at 4:31










          • $begingroup$
            You are right, there is something to be corrected in the post. I edited it, I put the square in the difference, this way the errors will not substract.
            $endgroup$
            – Juan Esteban de la Calle
            Apr 16 at 4:45











          • $begingroup$
            I appreciate your help in this. I had to reword my question to clarify the problem I am trying to solve.
            $endgroup$
            – Borealis
            52 secs ago












          Your Answer








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          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

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          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes









          1












          $begingroup$

          You can use a simple error measure of $sum (real.people-predicted.people)^2+sum (real.cars-predicted.cars)^2$, the kind of problem you are dealing with has this objective function as the solved one.



          Actually, the algorithms implement this measure as their objective function.






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            This approach would yield two numbers--one for each class. Would the results of your approach, for example, "person" -7 and "car" +4 be sufficient to describe the predicted accuracy?
            $endgroup$
            – Borealis
            Apr 16 at 4:31










          • $begingroup$
            You are right, there is something to be corrected in the post. I edited it, I put the square in the difference, this way the errors will not substract.
            $endgroup$
            – Juan Esteban de la Calle
            Apr 16 at 4:45











          • $begingroup$
            I appreciate your help in this. I had to reword my question to clarify the problem I am trying to solve.
            $endgroup$
            – Borealis
            52 secs ago
















          1












          $begingroup$

          You can use a simple error measure of $sum (real.people-predicted.people)^2+sum (real.cars-predicted.cars)^2$, the kind of problem you are dealing with has this objective function as the solved one.



          Actually, the algorithms implement this measure as their objective function.






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            This approach would yield two numbers--one for each class. Would the results of your approach, for example, "person" -7 and "car" +4 be sufficient to describe the predicted accuracy?
            $endgroup$
            – Borealis
            Apr 16 at 4:31










          • $begingroup$
            You are right, there is something to be corrected in the post. I edited it, I put the square in the difference, this way the errors will not substract.
            $endgroup$
            – Juan Esteban de la Calle
            Apr 16 at 4:45











          • $begingroup$
            I appreciate your help in this. I had to reword my question to clarify the problem I am trying to solve.
            $endgroup$
            – Borealis
            52 secs ago














          1












          1








          1





          $begingroup$

          You can use a simple error measure of $sum (real.people-predicted.people)^2+sum (real.cars-predicted.cars)^2$, the kind of problem you are dealing with has this objective function as the solved one.



          Actually, the algorithms implement this measure as their objective function.






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$



          You can use a simple error measure of $sum (real.people-predicted.people)^2+sum (real.cars-predicted.cars)^2$, the kind of problem you are dealing with has this objective function as the solved one.



          Actually, the algorithms implement this measure as their objective function.







          share|improve this answer














          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer








          edited Apr 16 at 4:46

























          answered Apr 16 at 3:23









          Juan Esteban de la CalleJuan Esteban de la Calle

          69122




          69122











          • $begingroup$
            This approach would yield two numbers--one for each class. Would the results of your approach, for example, "person" -7 and "car" +4 be sufficient to describe the predicted accuracy?
            $endgroup$
            – Borealis
            Apr 16 at 4:31










          • $begingroup$
            You are right, there is something to be corrected in the post. I edited it, I put the square in the difference, this way the errors will not substract.
            $endgroup$
            – Juan Esteban de la Calle
            Apr 16 at 4:45











          • $begingroup$
            I appreciate your help in this. I had to reword my question to clarify the problem I am trying to solve.
            $endgroup$
            – Borealis
            52 secs ago

















          • $begingroup$
            This approach would yield two numbers--one for each class. Would the results of your approach, for example, "person" -7 and "car" +4 be sufficient to describe the predicted accuracy?
            $endgroup$
            – Borealis
            Apr 16 at 4:31










          • $begingroup$
            You are right, there is something to be corrected in the post. I edited it, I put the square in the difference, this way the errors will not substract.
            $endgroup$
            – Juan Esteban de la Calle
            Apr 16 at 4:45











          • $begingroup$
            I appreciate your help in this. I had to reword my question to clarify the problem I am trying to solve.
            $endgroup$
            – Borealis
            52 secs ago
















          $begingroup$
          This approach would yield two numbers--one for each class. Would the results of your approach, for example, "person" -7 and "car" +4 be sufficient to describe the predicted accuracy?
          $endgroup$
          – Borealis
          Apr 16 at 4:31




          $begingroup$
          This approach would yield two numbers--one for each class. Would the results of your approach, for example, "person" -7 and "car" +4 be sufficient to describe the predicted accuracy?
          $endgroup$
          – Borealis
          Apr 16 at 4:31












          $begingroup$
          You are right, there is something to be corrected in the post. I edited it, I put the square in the difference, this way the errors will not substract.
          $endgroup$
          – Juan Esteban de la Calle
          Apr 16 at 4:45





          $begingroup$
          You are right, there is something to be corrected in the post. I edited it, I put the square in the difference, this way the errors will not substract.
          $endgroup$
          – Juan Esteban de la Calle
          Apr 16 at 4:45













          $begingroup$
          I appreciate your help in this. I had to reword my question to clarify the problem I am trying to solve.
          $endgroup$
          – Borealis
          52 secs ago





          $begingroup$
          I appreciate your help in this. I had to reword my question to clarify the problem I am trying to solve.
          $endgroup$
          – Borealis
          52 secs ago


















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          ValueError: Expected n_neighbors <= n_samples, but n_samples = 1, n_neighbors = 6 (SMOTE) The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InCan SMOTE be applied over sequence of words (sentences)?ValueError when doing validation with random forestsSMOTE and multi class oversamplingLogic behind SMOTE-NC?ValueError: Error when checking target: expected dense_1 to have shape (7,) but got array with shape (1,)SmoteBoost: Should SMOTE be ran individually for each iteration/tree in the boosting?solving multi-class imbalance classification using smote and OSSUsing SMOTE for Synthetic Data generation to improve performance on unbalanced dataproblem of entry format for a simple model in KerasSVM SMOTE fit_resample() function runs forever with no result